复合植物精油对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肠道发育以及肉品质的影响  

Effects of Plant Essential Oil on Growth Performance,Intestinal Development and Meat Quality of Mahuang Broilers

作　　者：李彬 苟清碧[3] 古长松 黄李蓉 曾子悠 穆玉云 谭权 李鹏 富相奎[5] 朱正鹏 LI Bin;GOU Qingbi;GU Changsong;HUANG Lirong;ZENG Ziyou;MU Yuyun;TAN Quan;LI Peng;FU Xiangkui;ZHU Zhengpeng(Sichuan TEK-MAX Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610000,China;Sichuan Tequ Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Sichuan Chengdu 610207,China;School of Life Science and Engineering,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Sichuan Mianyang 621000,China;Novus International Trading(Shanghai)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200080,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heilongjiang Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]四川特瑞美生物科技有限公司,四川成都610000 [2]四川特驱农牧科技集团有限公司,四川成都610207 [3]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,四川绵阳621000 [4]诺伟司国际贸易(上海)有限公司,上海200080 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《中国畜牧杂志》2021年第11期199-204,208,共7页Chinese Journal of Animal Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0500402);成都市顶尖创新团队项目;成都市武侯区“诸葛精英计划”。

摘　　要：试验旨在研究复合植物精油对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肠道发育和肉品质的影响。选取540只1日龄雌性麻黄肉仔鸡,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮;抗生素组饲喂基础日粮+促生长抗生素(亚甲基双水杨酸杆菌肽15 mg/kg;阿维拉霉素20 mg/kg);植物精油组饲喂基础日粮+30 mg/kg植物精油复合物(香芹酚和百里香酚)。试验期84 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,植物精油组22~42日龄耗料增重比降低(P<0.05),植物精油组43~63日龄和64~84日龄末重和平均日采食量均提高(P<0.05),植物精油组1~84日龄末重提高(P<0.05);植物精油组84日龄胴体屠宰率高于抗生素组(P<0.05);植物精油组21日龄和42日龄法氏囊指数高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,植物精油组降低了21日龄和42日龄空肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),提高了21日龄绒隐比(P<0.05);与对照组相比,植物精油组63日龄胸肌和腿肌剪切力降低(P<0.05)、腿肌pH24 h提高(P<0.05),植物精油组84日龄胸肌和腿肌蒸煮损失降低、腿肌剪切力和L24h降低(P<0.05)、腿肌pH45 min增加(P<0.05)。综上,以百里香酚和香芹酚为主要成分的复合植物精油对提高麻黄肉鸡生产性能和胴体屠宰率、改善空肠形态和肉品质有显著作用。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of thymol and carvacrol as the main components of EO on growth performance,intestinal development and meat quality of Mahuang broilers.A total of 540 one-day-old healthy female Mahuang broilers was randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates per group and 30 chickens in per replicate.The control group(CON)was fed a basal diet;the antibiotic group(AGP)was fed the basal diet with antibiotics(methylene bissalicylic acid bacitracin 15 mg/kg;Avilamycin 20 mg/kg);the essential oil group(EO)was fed the basal diet with 30 mg/kg essential oil(carvacrol and thymol).The experimental period was 84 days.The results showed that:F/G in EO group was decreased d 22-42(P<0.05);FBW and ADFI of broilers in EO group was higher than CON group and AGP group d 43-63 and d 64-84(P<0.05);FBW of EO group d 1-84 was increased(P<0.05).Dressing percentage of broiler in EO group was higher than that in AGP group at d 84(P<0.05).The bursa index at d 21 and 42 in EO group was higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).The addition of EO could reduce the jejunal crypt depth of broilers at d 21 and 42(P<0.05),and increase villus height/crypt depth at d 21(P<0.05).At d 63,the shear force of breast and leg muscles(P<0.05)was decreased and the pH24h of leg muscle(P<0.05)was increased in EO group;at d 84,the cooking loss of breast muscle and leg muscle was decreased in EO group(P<0.05),the shear force and L24h of leg muscle(P<0.05)were decreased and the leg muscle pH45min(P<0.05)was increased in EO group.In conclusion,the EO with thymol and carvacrol as the main components could replace antibiotics,and the essential oil has significant effect on improving growth performance,dressing percentage,jejunal morphology and meat quality.

关 键 词：植物精油 麻黄肉鸡 生产性能 肠道 免疫 肉品质 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]