东共体法院管辖权制度评析  

On the Jurisdiction System of East African Community Court

作　　者：王婷[1] Wang Ting

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学非洲学院

出　　处：《国际经济法学刊》2021年第4期108-124,共17页Journal of International Economic Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“非洲国家和地区法律文本的翻译、研究与数据库建设”(项目编号:20&ZD181)、国家社科基金研究专项项目“非洲本土化立法研究”(项目编号:19VJX062)的阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：管辖权制度是考量区域经济组织法律制度完善性的一个重要方面。东共体是非洲经济一体化的领跑者,东共体法院作为东共体内个人和成员国进行经济一体化活动的司法救济者,管辖权制度在调整东共体与成员国和个人关系中的表现可圈可点。就积极层面而言,东共体法院的先行裁决程序搭建了共同体和成员国间良好互动关系的桥梁,通过发展统一适用的东共体法推进建立一个健全的、权威的共同体法律制度框架。其次,东共体法院也在积极创建与个人的互动关系。宽泛的个人出庭资格和无需用尽当地救济的程序规定,一方面旨在鼓励成员国的个人使用东共体法院作为经济贸易争议的解决路径,另一方面也赋予个人充当东共体法的私人监督者,敦促成员国履行东共体法的义务,从而推动了东共体法律的协调化和统一化的进程。但是,就消极层面而言,东共体法院专属管辖权制度的缺失、成员国以国家主权原则对东共体法院管辖的抗衡以及过度的人权事项管辖权会持续降低东共体法的效力,在一定程度上制约了东非经济一体化的发展进程。Jurisdiction system can be seen as the important aspect to improve legal system of regional economic community.The EACJ refers to the judicial remedy for economic integration activities carried out by individuals and member states within EAC as the pacesetter of economic integration in Africa and its jurisdiction system has shown commendable performance in adjusting the relations among EAC,member states and individuals.On the positive perspective,the adjudication procedure of EACJ has provided a bridge for better interaction between EAC and the member states,and promoted the establishment of a sound and authoritative framework of legal system through the development of uniform EAC law.Secondly,EACJ is also actively creating interactive relationships with individuals.Broad personal appearance qualification program rule,such as without exhaustion of local remedies,on the one hand,is designed to encourage individuals to use the EACJ to solve trade disputes as an economic way.On the other hand,private individuals act as the supervisors to urge member states to fulfil the obligation in the EAC,thus promoting legal harmonization and unification during the process.However,on the negative side,some imperfect legal designs will continue to reduce the effectiveness of EAC law,which to some extent restricts the development process of east African economic integration,such as the lack of exclusive jurisdiction of EACJ,the competition of member states with the principle of national sovereignty over EACJ’s jurisdiction,and excessive jurisdiction over human rights matters.

关 键 词：东共体 管辖权制度 经济一体化 关系 

分 类 号：D94[政治法律—法学] DD916.2