批准手续前置合同及其效力初探  

On the Contract With Pre Approval Procedure and its Effectiveness

作　　者：邢鸿飞[1] 闫雯惠 Xing Hongfei;Yan Wenhui

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《行政与法》2021年第10期107-117,共11页Administration and Law

摘　　要：前置批准具有双重性,从法律性质来说属于行政审批,是对当事人之间缔约行为的批准与认可,应遵循合法原则和比例原则。未办理批准手续的合同是未生效合同,合同中履行报批等义务条款具有独立效力,是合同的特别生效要件。合同生效与否不因批准手续的办理而当然有效,合同内容本身的有效性也起着决定作用。在实体法层面,报批义务人没有及时履行报批义务应承担违约责任,必要时相对人可向人民法院提出解除合同。在程序法层面,若审批机关存在失职或滥用权力等违法情形时,相对人可申请行政复议或提起行政诉讼以维护合法权益。Article 502 of the contract part of the civil code makes new provisions on the contract and its effectiveness before the approval procedure.Pre approval has dual nature.From the legal nature,it belongs to administrative examination and approval.It is the approval and recognition of contracting acts between the parties.It should follow the principle of legality and proportion.A contract that has not gone through the approval formalities is an ineffective contract.The obligation clauses in the contract,such as the performance of reporting for approval,have independent effect and are the special effective elements of the contract.Whether the contract becomes effective or not depends not only on the handling of approval procedures,but also on the effectiveness of the contract content itself,which is not valid due to the handling of approval procedures.At the level of substantive law,if the approval obligor fails to perform the approval obligation in time,it shall bear the liability for breach of contract.If necessary,the opposite party may propose to the people’s court to terminate the contract.At the level of procedural law,if the examination and approval authority has illegal circumstances such as dereliction of duty or abuse of power,the opposite party can apply for administrative reconsideration or file an administrative lawsuit to safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.

关 键 词：前置批准 行政审批 违约责任 行政救济 

分 类 号：D9216[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]