新兴国家如何实现突破性技术创新——基于中美V2X专利数据对比分析  

How to achieve breakthrough innovation in emerging countries——A study based on the comparative analysis of V2X patent data between China and the US

作　　者：蒋瑜洁 郭婷 王尚可 安本雅典 JIANG Yu-jie;GUO Ting;WANG Shang-ke;YASUMOTO Masanori(School of Public Affairs,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences,Yokohama National University,Yokohama 2408501,Japan)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆400044 [2]横滨国立大学环境信息学院,日本横滨2408501

出　　处：《科学学研究》2021年第10期1882-1896,共15页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(19CGL050);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2017CDJSK01XK07)。

摘　　要：突破性技术创新对新兴国家在新一轮科技革命中,实现技术追赶、完成弯道超车具有重要意义。然而创新资源积累相对有限的新兴国家如何在短时间内实现突破性技术创新,尚未得到学界的充分认识。本研究通过挖掘与对比2001-2019年中国与美国智能自动驾驶V2X技术的专利数据,运用社会网络分析方法,结合百度智能自动驾驶V2X等技术研发的典型案例分析,探索并尝试阐释了新兴国家实现突破性技术创新的创新主体与创新网络关系特征。研究发现:在创新主体方面,由于新兴国家创新资源相对有限,相较以行业骨干企业为创新主体的先发国家,新兴国家突破性技术创新集中了企业与高等院校、科研院所的创新资源,开展产学研为主体的协同创新,规避风险;在创新网络关系方面,由于新兴国家需要在短时间内实现弯道超车,因此联结产学研等突破性技术创新主体合作的创新网络中介更加集中化,少数企业高管既存的校友关系成为短时间内促成产学研合作的独特渠道,并基于强关系有效促进学研与企业间创新资源的探索与融合。本研究进一步完善与发展了突破性技术创新理论,并对新兴国家破除资源约束实现技术追赶具有一定的指导意义。Breakthrough innovations are critical for the emerging countries to achieve technological catch-up and corner over-taking in the new round of technological revolution. However, little is known on how the emerging countries, with limited innovation resources and relatively weak technology accumulation, achieve breakthrough innovations in a short period. By mining and comparing the V2 X patent statistics on automatic drive between China and the US from 2001 to 2019, this paper uses the social network analysis approach to review the typical cases like Baidu automatic drive V2 X technologies, and interprets the characteristics of the innovation subjects and innovation networks that decide the breakthrough innovation of the emerging countries. The findings suggest that most of the breakthrough innovations are the collaboration results among the enterprises, higher education institutions and research institutes. This approach overcomes the shortcoming of limited innovation resources, and avoids risks. In terms of the innovation network, the alumni resources of the senior management in the enterprises help facilitate the industry-academic collaboration in a short time. The strong ties facilitate the exploration and integration of the innovation resources between the research institutions and the enterprises. The findings of this paper enrich the theories on breakthrough innovation theories, and are of reference values for the emerging countries to remove the restraints of limited resource supply and achieve technological catching-up.

关 键 词：突破性技术创新 创新主体 创新网络关系 新兴国家 

分 类 号：C93[经济管理—管理学]