磷肥用量定位6年对土壤和棉株磷素吸收及棉花产量的影响  

Effects of P Fertilizer Amount on Soil P_(2)O_(5) Content,P Uptake in Cotton Plant and Cotton Yields after 6 Years of Located Fertilization

作　　者：王树林[1] 王燕[1] 董明[1] 祁虹[1] 冯国艺[1] 雷晓鹏[1] 梁青龙[1] 张谦[1] WANG Shulin;WANG Yan;DONG Ming;QI Hong;FENG Guoyi;LEI Xiaopeng;LIANG Qinglong;ZHANG Qian(Cotton Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Cotton in Huanghuaihai Semiarid Area, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China /National Cotton Improvement Center Hebei Branch, Shijiazhuang 050051, China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业农村部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/国家棉花改良中心河北分中心,石家庄050051

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2021年第10期1882-1886,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2018040201);河北省农林科学院现代农业科技创新工程项目(2019-2-7-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究磷肥不同用量定位施用6 a后对土壤速效磷积累及棉株磷素吸收、棉花产量性状的影响。【方法】设置8个磷肥用量梯度处理,采用随机区组设计,定位6 a后,测定不同处理土壤速效磷含量,棉株叶片、茎秆与籽棉磷素积累,棉花产量性状。【结果】定位6 a后,随着磷肥用量的增加,0~20 cm土层速效磷含量形成了从3.1~65.4 mg/kg的由低到高的梯度,磷肥用量90.0 kg/hm^(2)可保持土壤速效磷含量基本平衡。随着磷肥用量的增加,叶片中磷素含量先升高后趋于稳定,磷肥用量超过90.0 kg/hm^(2)后,叶片中磷素含量增加不再明显,秸秆中磷素含量不施磷肥对照显著低于施磷处理,但不同施用量之间差异不显著,籽棉中磷素含量随施磷量增加先升高,后趋于稳定。叶片、秸秆、籽棉P2O5田间携出量均随磷肥用量增加先升高,后趋于稳定,籽棉P2O5田间携出量在51.8~61.7 kg/hm^(2)变动。籽棉产量不同磷肥用量较不施磷肥对照提高4.9%~8.2%,差异达显著水平,但不同磷肥用量之间差异不显著。【结论】在冀中南棉区,棉花磷肥用量范围控制在60.0~90.0 kg/hm^(2)土壤磷素平衡与棉花产量稳定。【Objective】In the experiment different P fertilizer amounts were designed to study the effects on soil P2O5 content,P uptake in plant organs and cotton yields after 6 years of located fertilization.【Methods】8 phosphate fertilizer dosage gradient treatments were adopted by random block design to determine the soil available phosphorus content,cotton leaf,cotton stem and seed phosphorus accumulation and cotton yield after 6 years of located fertilization.【Results】After 6 years of located fertilization the P2O5 contents in soil layers of 0-20 cm increased from 3.1 mg/kg to 65.4 mg/kg from low gradients to high ones,and the soil P_(2)O_(5) content kept stable when the P_(2)O_(5) fertilizer amount was 90.0 kg/hm^(2).With the increase of P2O5 amount P content in leaf increased firstly then kept stable when the P2O5 fertilizer amount exceeded 90.0 kg/hm^(2).The P content in straw for CK was significantly lower than the treatments of applying P2O5 fertilizer,but the differences between treatments of applying P_(2)O_(5) fertilizer were not significant.The P content in seed cotton increased firstly then leveled with the increase of P2O5 fertilizer.The uptake of P2O5 in leaf,straw and seed cotton increased firstly then kept stable with the increase of P_(2)O_(5) fertilizer,and the uptake of P_(2)O_(5) in seed cotton varied from 51.8-61.7 kg/hm^(2) in different treatments.Compared with CK the seed cotton yield increased by 4.9%-8.2%in treatments of applying P2O5 fertilizer,reaching significant level.and the difference was significant,but there were no differences among treatments of applying different amounts of P_(2)O_(5) fertilizer.【Conclusion】In cotton areas of central and southern Hebei Province,the optimum P_(2)O_(5) fertilizer was 60.0-90.0 kg/hm^(2) which could keep the balance of soil P2O5 and acquire stable cotton yield.

关 键 词：棉田 磷肥 用量 定位 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学]