上海市闵行区大规模麻疹疫苗补充免疫前后麻疹流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of measles before and after large scale supplementary immunization activities in Minhang District of Shanghai

作　　者：杜艳[1] 陈泓泓 张莉萍[1] 金宝芳[1] 王烨[1] 梅克雯[1] 汪曦[1] 田秀红[1] DU Yan;CHEN Hong-hong;ZHANG Li-ping;JIN Bao-fang;WANG Ye;MEI Ke-wen;WANG Xi;TIAN Xiu-hong(Department of Immunoprevention,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Minhang District,Shanghai 201101,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市闵行区疾病预防控制中心免疫预防科,上海201101

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2021年第6期24-28,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对上海市闵行区2010年开展的含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles containing vaccine,MCV)大规模补充免疫(supplementary immunization activities,SIA)前后麻疹发病流行病学特征对比分析,为加速消除麻疹进程提供依据。方法收集2010年MCV-SIA当年及前5年(即2005年1月1日至2009年12月31日)和后5年(即2011年1月1日至2015年12月31日)、后第2个5年(即2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日)麻疹发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法进行比较分析。结果2010年MCV-SIA后麻疹发病率呈现明显下降趋势,由SIA前5年年均发病率155.96/100万下降到SIA后第2个5年年均发病率2.84/100万,年均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3165.82,P<0.01)。<8月龄儿童所占比例由MCV-SIA前5年的15.46%下降到5.88%,10~14周岁MCV-SIA后第2个5年占比增大,由7.81%增至13.83%,MCV-SIA前<8月龄儿童、无免疫史的外来务工人员及上海市成人均为麻疹的易感人群,MCV-SIA后国际学校学生及无业人员成为麻疹发病重点人群。SIA后第1个5年共95例麻疹病例获得麻疹病毒基因型鉴定结果,其中本土H1a基因型93例,占97.89%;A基因型2例,占2.11%;SIA后第2个5年共7例均为中国本土H1a基因型,占100%。结论MCV-SIA及以后开展的消除麻疹综合防控措施对闵行区麻疹发病及流行起到有效遏制作用,但本土病毒传播还未能阻断,开展常态化消除麻疹工作同时还需与多部门合作加强外籍学校及无业人群的麻疹防控措施。Objective Comparative analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles in Minhang District before and after large scale supplementary immunization activities of measles containing vaccine(MCV)in 2010.Methods Measles incidence data of MCV-SIA in 2010 and the first five years before 2010(from January 1,2005 to December 31,2009),the next five years(from January 1,2011 to December 31,2015)and the second five years(from January 1,2016 to December 31,2020)after were collected.Descriptive epidemiological method was used for comparative analysis.Results The incidence rate of measles in Minhang District,Shanghai after MCV-SIA in 2010 showed a significant downward trend,The average annual incidence(per 1000000)in the first five years before 2010 was 155.96,SIA was 30.08,The next five years was 29.52,The second five years was 2.84,There was statistical difference in the annual incidence rate between the four groups.(χ^(2)=3165.82,P<0.01).The annual incidence rate between registered residence and non registered residence population were not statistically different after second SIA years after the SIA(χ^(2)=1.646,P=0.223).The proportion of 8-month-old children under the age of MCV decreased from 15.46%in the first five years of MCV-sia to 5.88%,In the second five years after MCV-sia,the proportion of 10-14 age group increased from 7.81%to 13.83%,The susceptible population of measles before MCV-SIA was less than 8 month old and under the age of MCV initial immunization,no migrant workers with no history of immunization and adults with registered residence.Once there is a source of infection,it is easy to cause the spread of the epidemic.After MCV-SIA,foreign students in international schools and nonworking population became the focus of measles.Of the 95 cases in which measles virus genotypes were available in the next five years,2(2.11%)were A genotype,and 93(97.89%)were the indigenous H1 genotype;Of the 7 cases in which measles virus genotypes were available in the second five years,7(100%)were the indigenous H1 geno

关 键 词：麻疹疫苗 补充免疫 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]