“表示”的形式动词用法及其语法化  

Atypical Dummy Verb BIAOSHI(表示)and Its Grammaticalization

作　　者：高逢亮[1] 匡鹏飞[2] GAO Feng-liang;KUANG Peng-fei(School of Literature,Journalism and Communication,South-Central University for Nationalities,Wuhan,Hubei,430074;Research Center for Language and Language Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期147-153,共7页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：湖北省社会科学基金一般项目(后期资助项目)“现代汉语形式动词的原型范畴及演变机制研究”(2018104);国家社会科学基金一般项目“汉语‘超词形式’关联词语的体系建构及理论探讨”(19BYY010)。

摘　　要：“表示”作为一个言说动词,要求宾语是一个意义完整的表述,一般由句子或者句群充当。一个表述可以压缩为一个谓词性短语,也可以只用一个谓词来概括。因此“表示”的宾语逐渐过渡为表征言语行为及情感态度的双音节及物动词,这种情况下的“表示”与典型形式动词有不容忽视的共性:语义虚化,句法上可以标记前置受事。“表示”能从言说动词逐渐虚化为形式动词是语法化的结果。“表示”以“副词+动词”为宾语时,一般被识解为定中而不是状中结构反映了“表示”动性增强,呈现出向形式动词靠拢的趋势。“表示”语法化的动因是满足书面语语体表达的需求。Biaoshi(表示),a speech act verb,demands that its typical object is an expression fulfilled by a sentence or a group of sentences.An expression can be compressed to a predicate phrase or word such as a verb or an adjective.As a result,the object of Biaoshi comes to be a bi-syllabic verb that expresses a speech act,emotion or attitude.In such a case,Biaoshi aquires the grammatical features of a dummy verb,such that Biaoshi and Jinxing(进行)share some common features:Semantic emptying,i.e.,syntactically,marking the pre-positioned patient.It is the result of grammaticalization that"Biaoshi"gradually becomes a formal verb.When taking an“adverb+verb”as the object,the construction with Biaoshi is generally understood as an attributive+center construction rather than an adverbial+center construction,indicating that Biaoshi moves closer to a dummy verb.This grammaticalization is to meet the needs of written styles.

关 键 词：“表示” 形式动词 语法化 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]