饱和D-最优设计在青海高原蚕豆有机肥替代化肥中的应用  

Application of saturation D-optimal design of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer of broad bean in Qinghai plateau

作　　者：韩梅[1] HAN Mei(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2021年第5期37-44,共8页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-22);青海省蚕豆产业技术转化研发平台(QNKP)。

摘　　要：针对青海高原蚕豆化肥不合理施用,有机肥、氮、磷肥比例失调,开展有机肥替代化肥研究,以期获得蚕豆最高施肥量和最佳经济施肥量。本研究采用有机肥、氮、磷肥三因素饱和D-最优设计进行田间小区试验,对蚕豆产量结果进行二次回归拟合,建立回归数学模型,获得蚕豆最佳施肥量。结果表明:有机肥、氮、磷肥对蚕豆产量的影响以有机肥最大,氮肥次之,磷肥较小。蚕豆产量随着有机肥、氮、磷肥施肥量的增加而增加,达最高产量后,又随施肥量的增加而降低。对各单因子效应方程求导数以及采用当年当地蚕豆平均销售价及肥料的价格,得出蚕豆最高产量施肥量为有机肥4698.00 kg/hm^(2),尿素147.15 kg/hm^(2)、过磷酸钙556.06 kg/hm^(2)和最佳经济施肥量为有机肥4236.00 kg/hm^(2),尿素136.80 kg/hm^(2)、过磷酸钙539.00 kg/hm^(2)。利用饱和D-建立回归数学模型,分析有机肥、尿素、过磷酸钙与蚕豆产量变化关系和各肥料的交互作用效应,可以获得合理的蚕豆施肥量。适量增加有机肥,减少氮肥和磷肥的施用量,可有效提高蚕豆产量。In view of unreasonable application of chemical fertilizer and imbalance of the proportion of organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer of broad bean in Qinghai plateau,the study on the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer is carried out in order to obtain the maximum and the best economic fertilization amount of broad bean.Field plot experiment is carried out by using saturation D-optimal design of organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.The yield results of broad bean are fitted by quadratic regression,and the regression mathematical model is established to obtain the best amount of fertilization.The results show that organic fertilizer has the greatest effect on the yield of broad bean,followed by phosphorus fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer.The yield of broad bean increases with the increase of organic fertilizer,nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer,but decreases with the increase of fertilizer after reaching the maximum amount.By calculating the derivative of each single factor effect equation and using local average selling price of broad bean as well as the price of fertilizer in that year,it is concluded that fertilizer amount of maximum yield is 4698.00 kg/hm^(2) of organic fertilizer,147.15 kg/hm^(2) of urea and 556.06 kg/hm^(2) of SSP.The best economic fertilizer amount is 4236.00 kg/hm^(2) of organic fertilizer,136.80 kg/hm^(2) of urea and 539.00 kg/hm^(2) of SSP.By using saturation D-regression mathematical model,the relationship between organic fertilizer,urea,SSP and broad bean yield as well as the interaction effect of each fertilizer can be researched,which is a good way to obtain a reasonable amount of fertilizer.The yield of broad bean can be effectively improved by increasing organic fertilizer and reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.

关 键 词：蚕豆 饱和D-最优设计 有机肥 化肥 产量 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]