极酸化排土场不同坡位土壤酸化和养分的分异特征  

Changes in Factors Influencing Soil Acidification and Nutrient along Different Slope Positions in Extremely Acidified Waste Dumps

作　　者：张建锋 谢金亮[1] 何新春[1] 刘永兵[3] 姜久宁 陈宇菲 钟秀琴 ZHANG Jian-feng;XIE Jin-liang;HE Xin-chun;LIU Yong-bing;JIANG Jiu-ning;CHEN Yu-fei;ZHONG Xiu-qin

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038 [2]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [3]中国地质科学院国家地质实验测试中心,北京100037 [4]广东省大宝山矿业有限公司,广东韶关512127

出　　处：《有色冶金节能》2021年第5期35-44,共10页Energy Saving of Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目:场地土壤污染成因与治理技术专项(2018YFC1801800);国家重点研发计划项目:典型酸性废石堆场及周边污染土壤的修复技术体系及示范(2019YFC1805005)。

摘　　要：为了解极酸化排土场不同坡位处土壤酸化变化与养分分布,以广东大宝山矿新山片区3个典型排土场为研究对象,分析了土壤层pH与净产酸量NAG的变化,以及不同坡位土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量的分布差异,运用主成分分析和回归分析法综合评价了排土场的土壤肥力。结果表明:1)排土场坡脚0~100 cm土壤呈强酸性,pH值为1.96~3.76;0~20 cm土壤中度或高度产酸,产酸能力为坡中<坡顶<坡脚;2)不同坡位0~20 cm土层的SOM平均含量呈坡脚>坡中>坡顶的趋势,变化范围分别为0.24~2.32 g/kg、0.53~1.83 g/kg、1.28~1.55 g/kg;TN平均含量呈坡脚>坡顶>坡中的趋势,坡脚处较高,为0.25 g/kg;坡顶、坡中、坡脚的TP平均含量和TK平均含量均较高,分别为1.00 g/kg、1.02 g/kg、0.94 g/kg和44.74 g/kg、48.59 g/kg、47.81 g/kg;AN平均含量呈坡脚>坡顶>坡中的趋势,分别为54.37 mg/kg、34.53 mg/kg、26.60 mg/kg;坡顶、坡中、坡脚的AP和AK平均含量分别为3.52 mg/kg、2.52 mg/kg、2.15 mg/kg和36.67 mg/kg、36.67 mg/kg、38.33 mg/kg;3)不同坡位0~20 cm土层土壤肥力指数(SFI)为0.28~0.52,总体上呈坡脚>坡顶>坡中的趋势。In order to understand the changes of soil acidification and nutrient distribution at different slope positions of extremely acidified waste dump,taking three typical waste dumps as the research object in Xinshan Area of Dabaoshan Mine in Guangdong Province,the changes of soil pH and net acid generation test,and the distribution differences of soil organic matter(SOM),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),total potassium(TK),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium(AK)at different slope positions were analyzed.The results showed that:(1)The pH value range of 0~100 cm layer at the slope toe of the waste dump was 1.96~3.76,which meant the soil was strongly acidic.The acid production capacity of soil was medium or high in 0~20 cm layer,which had the trend of slope middle<slope top<slope toe;(2)The average content of SOM in 0~20 cm soil layer had the trend of slope toe>slope middle>slope top,and the variation ranges were 0.24~2.32 g/kg,0.53~1.83 g/kg and 1.28~1.55 g/kg,respectively;the average content of TN had the trend of slope toe>slope top>slope middle,the higher slope toe was 0.25 g/kg;the average contents of TP and TK were high,which were 1.00 g/kg,1.02 g/kg,0.94 g/kg and 44.74 g/kg,48.59 g/kg and 47.81 g/kg at the slope top,slope middle and slope toe,respectively;the average content of AN had the trend of slope toe>slope top>slope middle,which were 54.37 mg/kg,34.53 mg/kg and 26.60 mg/kg,respectively;The average contents of AP and AK at the at the slope top,slope middle and slope toe were 3.52 mg/kg,2.52 mg/kg and 2.15 mg/kg and 36.67 mg/kg,36.67 mg/kg and 38.33 mg/kg,respectively;(3)The soil fertility index(SFI)in 0~20 cm soil layer along different slope positions was 0.28~0.52,which had the trend of slope toe>slope top>slope middle.

关 键 词：酸性废水 极端酸化 金属排土场 坡面位置 土壤剖面 养分分布 土壤肥力 土壤修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]