微生物表面活性剂的生产和潜在生物技术应用(续完)  

Production and potential biotechnological applications of microbial surfactants

作　　者：肖进新[1] XIAO Jin-xin(Beijing FLUOBON Surfactant Institute,Beijing 100096,China)

机构地区：[1]北京氟乐邦表面活性剂技术研究所,北京100096

出　　处：《日用化学品科学》2021年第11期10-14,共5页Detergent & Cosmetics

摘　　要：6微生物表面活性剂的潜在应用近年来,由于生物表面活性剂具有多种功能,且所用的微生物具有多样性,对生物表面活性剂的需求正不断增加。最重要的是这些生物分子具有环境相容性,与合成表面活性剂相比,生物表面活性剂具有可降解性且毒性较低。生物表面活性剂的这些突出特性允许其作为化学表面活性剂的替代品,广泛应用于生物技术领域,包括石油、农业、食品加工、化妆品、洗涤剂、皮革、纺织、造纸和制药[7,91,92]。此外,生物表面活性剂可用于从储油罐中回收油渣,清理漏油以及污染土壤和水的生物修复[2,93]。表4概述了生物表面活性剂在各个行业的潜在应用。下面详细讨论主要的生物技术应用。Microbial surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that consist of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.Depending on their molecular weight,they can be classified into two main groups,i.e.,bioemulsifier and biosurfactant.Microbial surfactants are divided into various categories according to their chemical nature and producing organisms.These biomolecules are produced by diverse microorganisms including fungi,bacteria,and yeasts.Their production is significantly influenced by substrate type,fermentation technology and microbial strains.Owing to inherent multifunctional properties and assorted synthetic aptitude of the microbes,microbial surfactants are mostly preferred than chemically synthetic surfactants for various industrial and biomedical applications including bioremediation,oil recovery,laundry formulation,and as emulsion-stabilizers in food and cosmetic industries as well as therapeutic agents in medicine.As promising and alternative broad-functional biomolecules,the production of microbial surfactants and various biotechnological applications thereof have been reviewed.

关 键 词：生物表面活性剂 合成表面活性剂 环境相容性 生物技术应用 生物技术领域 可降解性 食品加工 生物分子 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]