杂交稻组合节水抗旱特性的梯度量化研究  

Gradient Quantitative Evaluation of Water Saving and Drought Resistance Characteristics of Hybrid Rice Combinations

作　　者：康海岐[1] 潘英华 孙小文 韩友学 高利军[5] 曹艳[6] 高菊 康家荣 李星月[7] 张鸿[7] Kang Haiqi;Pan Yinghua;Sun Xiaowen;Han Youxue;Gao Lijun;Cao Yan;Gao Ju;Kang Jiarong;Li Xingyue;Zhang Hong(Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China;Rice Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;China National Seed Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100031,China;Sichuan Seed Station,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory,Nanning 530007,Guangxi,China;Agricultural Information and Rural Economy Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China;Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [2]广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所,南宁530007 [3]中国种子集团有限公司,北京100031 [4]四川省种子站,成都610066 [5]广西作物遗传改良生物技术重点开放实验室,南宁530007 [6]四川省农业科学院农业信息与农村经济研究所,成都610066 [7]四川省农业科学院,成都610066

出　　处：《农学学报》2021年第10期1-8,22,共9页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：广西重大科技创新基地开放课题“水稻抗旱性定量标识品种与广西优质杂交稻抗旱性研究”(2018-15-Z06-KF16);四川省农业科学院前沿学科研究基金“稻米回生性相关位点OsRTG候选基因的编辑研究”(2019QYXK017);四川省财政能力创新提升工程项目“主要作物水肥药减施增效关键技术研究与示范”(2016GYSH-013);四川省育种攻关项目“引领性水稻育种材料与方法创新及新品种选育”(2021YFYZ0016)。现代农业学科建设推进工程“镉低积累抗倒伏优质水稻种质创新与新品种选育”(2021XKJS001)。

摘　　要：为了精准评价杂交稻的节水抗旱特性,研究量化控水处理条件下该特性的表现规律,并建立量化鉴评技术体系,设计了100%、80%、60%、40%田间持水量等4种梯度量化控水试验,从移栽返青至成熟对10个杂交稻组合进行控水处理。结果表明,土壤绝对含水量在4种处理间形成了明显的梯度差异,不同组合的单株籽粒产量在80%田间持水量、60%田间持水量上具有明显差异,产量抗旱指数和水分利用效率在梯度间也存在明显差异,这些单一指标难以直接用于以抗旱性为区别特征的品种比较,且无法兼顾水分利用效率。通过多梯度多性状抗旱指数的对数综合指标的构建和计算分析,形成了节水抗旱特性的全局统一量化评价技术指标,10个组合的评价结果与大田抗旱性经验观察结果比较吻合。本文建立的杂交稻节水抗旱特性量化鉴评技术方法及3种多梯度多性状抗旱指数的对数综合指标具有良好的评价效果,适用于杂交稻节水抗旱特性的精准评价。To accurately evaluate the water-saving and drought-resistant trait of hybrid rice,study the expression pattern of this trait under the condition of quantitative water control treatment,and establish the quantitative evaluation technology system,four gradient quantitative water control trials were designed,including 100%,80%,60% and 40% field capacity.Ten hybrid rice combinations were treated under the four gradients from returning green stage after transplanting to mature stage.The results showed that there were significant differences on absolute water content in soil among the four gradient treatments.Different combinations had significant differences on grain yield per plant with 80% field capacity and 60% field capacity.There were also significant differences on yield drought resistant index and water use efficiency among the gradients.These single indexes were difficult to be directly used for the variety comparison with drought resistance as the distinguishing feature,and without giving consideration to the water use efficiency.Through the construction and calculation analysis of logarithm comprehensive index of drought resistant index with multiple gradients and multiple traits,the overall unified quantitative evaluation index of water-saving and drought-resistant trait was formed.The evaluation results of 10 combinations by the new indexes were consistent with the field observation results on drought resistance.The gradient quantitative evaluation technology system of water-saving and drought-resistant trait of hybrid rice and the logarithm comprehensive index of three drought-resistant indexes with multiple gradients and multiple traits established by the study have the better evaluation effect,and are suitable for accurate evaluation of water-saving and droughtresistant trait of hybrid rice.

关 键 词：水稻 节水抗旱性 水分利用效率 定量评价 综合评价指标 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]