家养食草动物粪便中的花粉及菌孢子类型及其对人类活动的指示意义  

A study of pollen and fungal spores extracted from the feces of domestic herbivores in China and their implications for human behavior

作　　者：张雅平 赵克良[1,2,3] 周新郢 杨庆江[1,2] 贾伟明 李小强 ZHANG Yaping;ZHAO Keliang;ZHOU Xinying;YANG Qingjiang;JIA Weiming;LI Xiaoqiang(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044;Department of Archaeology,China Studies Centre,University of Sydney,NSW 2006,Australia;School of History and Culture,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [4]悉尼大学考古系,悉尼大学中国研究中心,澳大利亚,悉尼2006 [5]河南大学历史文化学院,开封475001

出　　处：《人类学学报》2021年第5期879-887,共9页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41772371,41730319);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB26000000);国家社科基金重大项目(18ZDA218)。

摘　　要：考古遗址中动物粪化石中的微体植物遗存是重建过去生态环境以及人类活动的重要材料,然而对于能够指示人类活动的粪化石孢粉组合类型及其特征仍然缺乏清楚的认识。本文研究了山羊(Capra aegagrus)、绵羊(Ovis aries)、牛(Bos taurus)、骆驼(Camelus)、牦牛(Bos grunniens)和马(Equus caballus)等几种中国常见的家养食草类动物粪便中的主要孢粉和真菌孢子类型。通过分析这些动物粪便的花粉组合特征,探讨了花粉和菌孢子等微体植物遗存对生态环境及人类活动的指示意义。花粉种类丰度低、一些特征种属花粉(如禾本科、藜科)含量高是家养食草类动物粪便花粉组合的主要特征,可以用于指示人类的饲养行为。家养食草动物粪便中的粪生真菌孢子类型主要有Sporormiella,Sodaria,Pleospora,Coniochaeta,Thecaphora and Dictyosporium。研究表明真菌孢子的分布主要受到动物活动范围的影响,这使得利用粪生菌孢子(如Sporormiella)并结合其他记录来反映人类的饲养或游牧活动成为可能。It has been demonstrated that plant microfossils in the coprolites unearthed from archaeological sites are important materials for reconstructing past ecologies and environments as well as human activities.However,the palynological assemblages of animals’ coprolites that reflects human behavior of feeding and grazing are still poorly understood.Here we present the results of a study of the major pollen and fungal spore types found in the feces of six common domestic herbivores in China:goat (Capra aegagrus),sheep (Ovis aries),cattle (Bos taurus),camel (Camelus sp.),yak (Bos grunniens),and horse (Equus caballus).A study of surface soil samples in proximity to a sheepfold was also conducted to evaluate the influence of factors affecting the transmission of coprophilous fungal spores.The pollen characteristics of the feces include overall low taxonomic abundance and a high proportion of just a few pollen types,such as those of the Poaceae and Chenopodiaceae,which are affected by human activities.The main fungal spore types detected in domestic herbivore feces include the genera Sporormiella,Sodaria,Pleospora,Coniochaeta,Thecaphora and Dictyosporium.The distribution of fungal spores is apparently affected by the range of the animals,making it possible to use coprophilous spores (e.g.,Sporormiella) to reconstruct the pastoral and animal breeding activities of ancient humans.

关 键 词：山羊 绵羊 粪生菌孢子 Sporormiella 古生态 

分 类 号：Q914.81[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]