中华法的政治机理——基于秦汉与古罗马时期的比较视角  

The Political Mechanics of Chinese Law:A Comparative Perspective Based on the Qin and Han Dynasties and Ancient Rome

作　　者：王志强[1] Wang Zhiqiang

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2021年第10期167-187,208,共22页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“秦汉与罗马的司法制度和政治结构”(17AFX004)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在中华法律文明定型的重要历史阶段,秦汉时代建立了典型的集权体制,并通过集中调配资源和强势国家理念,对“法”的形式渊源、施行方式、侧重领域及司法标准等方面产生深刻影响。与同时代的古罗马相比,可看出二者形成了迥然不同的各自特点。两大帝国相关状况的比较显示,“法”的差别与政治权力结构密切相关。这种以历史为试验场的解释性比较可能超越中西法律比较的东方主义,更深刻地描述和理解中国的法与传统,并解释法与其他社会要素的关系。During the important historical stage in which Chinese legal civilization was taking shape,the Qin and Han dynasties established a classic centralized system.Through the centralization of resource allocation and the strengthening of the concept of the state,they had a profound influence on several aspects of law:its formal origins,mode of implementation,areas of focus,and standards of justice.The history of Ancient Rome overlapped with that of the Qin and Han,but the two empires developed very differently.A comparison of the two shows that the differences in their legal systems were closely related to their structures of political power.Using history as a testing ground,this kind of interpretive comparison may go beyond Orientalist one of Chinese and Western law,providing a deeper description and understanding of Chinese law and tradition and elucidating the relationship between law and other elements of society.

关 键 词：中华法 政治权力结构 秦汉 古罗马 比较法律史 

分 类 号：D908[政治法律—法学理论] D904[政治法律—法学]