突发事件中警察应急强制的法治塑造  

Research on the Rule of Law Shaping of Emergency Police Enforcement in Emergency Response

作　　者：袁周斌[1] Yuan Zhoubin(Hubei University of Police,Wuhan 430035,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北警官学院法律系,湖北武汉430035

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2021年第5期29-41,共13页Journal of Hubei University of Police

基　　金：湖北警官学院2021年度院级科研计划重点项目“突发事件应对中警察应急强制的法治化研究”(HJ2021ZD01)。

摘　　要：突发新冠肺炎疫情事件应对中暴露的诸多法治问题,促发了对我国警察应急法治建设的拷问。基于应急性警察权的警察应急强制行为以迅速恢复常态秩序为核心价值追求,既是突发事件应急处置的有效手段,同时又极易造成对相对人基本权利和自由的过度限缩,因而必须将其纳入法治轨道予以规制。在法治的视阈下检视我国现行警察应急强制,其在立法规定上存在缺陷,在执法实践和司法救济中面临困境。基于此,亟需强化警察应急强制设定与实施的法治塑造,遵循职权法定原则、法律保留原则、法律明确性原则、人权保障原则、比例原则和效率原则等法治基本原则。此外,应从明确主体权限、明晰启动要件、完善实施程序、健全司法救济等方面进行机制补缺。Responses taken against the recent COVID-19 outbreak have revealed numerous problems concerning the rule of law,and raised some questions regarding the rule of law related to police emergency in China.Public security organs and the people’s police constitute the government’s important force in the face of emergencies.The acts of police enforcement predicated on the emergency-triggered police authority pursues a speedy resumption of the normal order at its core,featuring immediacy in the issuance of mandates and a high degree of discretion.It can both help the police effectively handle emergencies,and easily lead to excessive restraints over the basic rights and freedom of the opposite parties.Therefore,it must be regulated within the orbit of the rule of law.From the perspective of the rule of law,the existing emergency police enforcement in China still had some flaws in its legislative stipulation,and faced adversity in law enforcement practices and judicial remedies.On such a basis,it is necessary that we reinforce the construction of the rule of law for police emergency responses,especially in terms of its setting and implementation.The rule of law for police emergency response should first obey the principles of administration by law,legal reservation,legal clarity,human rights protection,proportionality,and efficiency,as well as many other fundamental principles,and then fill up the vacancies in the mechanism when defining the principal permission,clarifying the threshold doctrines,completing the implementation procedures,improving the judicial remedies,and other aspects.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 突发事件应对 警察应急强制 法治化 

分 类 号：D631[政治法律—政治学]