生物炭对豫西旱作玉米花后穗位叶光合生理特性及产量的影响  

Effects of biochar amendment on ear leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics after anthesis and yields of rainfed maize in west Henan

作　　者：王艳芳[1] 李乾云 悦飞雪 乔鑫鑫 焦念元[1] 尹飞[1] 付国占[1] 刘领[1] WANG Yanfang;LI Qianyun;YUE Feixue;QIAO Xinxin;JIAO Nianyuan;YIN Fei;FU Guozhan;LIU Ling(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第11期125-133,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31700367);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301101)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究生物炭对旱作玉米花后穗位叶光合生理特性及产量指标的影响,为在旱作农田合理施用生物炭,延缓功能叶衰老和提高产量提供理论依据。【方法】以玉米品种郑单958为材料,在河南科技大学实验农场,设置不施用生物炭(C0)、施用生物炭20 t/hm^(2)(C20)和40 t/hm^(2)(C40)3个试验处理,研究生物炭对旱作玉米花后0,15,30和45 d穗位叶的叶绿素含量(SPAD)、光合特性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性及籽粒产量和其构成要素的影响。【结果】施用生物炭可提高旱作玉米花后穗位叶SPAD、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs),降低旱作玉米花后穗位叶片胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci),且C40处理效果较C20处理显著。除花后0 d外,花后15,30和45 d C20和C40处理穗位叶MDA含量均显著降低,表现为C40<C20<C0。施用生物炭可以提高穗位叶的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,而且随着花后时间延长其效果越发显著。施用生物炭显著提高了玉米穗长、行粒数、穗粒数、百粒质量和产量(P<0.05),显著降低了玉米秃尖长(P<0.05)。相关分析表明,生物炭施用量与SPAD、Pn、CAT活性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);与Tr、Gs、POD活性、产量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);与Ci和MDA含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】施用生物炭能够改善旱作玉米花后穗位叶光合性能,提高穗位叶抗氧化酶活性,延缓穗位叶衰老,提高玉米产量,且以40 t/hm2的施用量增产效果最佳。【Objective】A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biochar addition on ear leaves photosynthetic characteristics after anthesis and yield of rainfed maize,so as to provide theoretical basis for rational application of biochar to delay senescence of functional leaves and increase yield.【Method】The field experiment using maize variety of Zhengdan 958 was carried out at the farm of Henan University of Science and Technology.Three treatments including 0 t/hm^(2)(C0),20 t/hm^(2)(C20)and 40 t/hm^(2)(C40)biochar addition rates were used to examine the effects on photosynthesis parameters,malondialdehyde(MDA)content,antioxidant enzymatic activities on ear leaves,yield and its components of rainfed maize at 0,15,30 and 45 days after anthesis.【Result】The application of biochar increased chlorophyll content(SPAD),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr)and stomatal conductance(Gs),while reduced intercellular CO_(2) concentration(Ci)of maize ear leaves with stronger effects in C40 treatment than in C20 treatment.The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly reduced under C20 and C40 treatments except at 0 day after anthesis with the order of C40<C20<C0.The application of biochar improved superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities of ear leaves,and the effect was more significant with the increase of time after anthesis.The application of biochar significantly increased maize ear length,row grain number,ear grain number,100-grain weight and yield(P<0.05),but significantly decreased barren tip length(P<0.05).The correlation analysis showed that biochar addition rate had very significant positive correlations with SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and catalase(CAT)activity(P<0.01)and significant positive correlations with transpiration rate(Tr),stomatal conductance(Gs),peroxidase(POD)activity and yield(P<0.05).It also had significantly negative correlations with intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Th

关 键 词：生物炭 旱作玉米 穗位叶 玉米产量 玉米栽培 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]