疏勒河中下游地区植被生态需水量时空变化研究  

Study on Temporal-Spatial Variation of Vegetation Ecological Water Demand in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Shule River

作　　者：李曼 王妞妞[1] 刘焕才 LI Man;WANG Niuniu;LIU Huancai(School of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000,China;Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041000 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [3]陕西师范大学地理与旅游学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《人民黄河》2021年第11期97-102,共6页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(41701062);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2019M663923XB)。

摘　　要：在气候变化和水资源短缺的背景下,研究疏勒河中下游地区植被生态需水量变化,对流域水资源调配、生态系统平衡及疏勒河绿洲可持续发展具有重要意义。采用面积定额法和潜水蒸发法,计算并分析了1980—2018年疏勒河中下游地区植被生长期(4—10月)生态需水量及时空变化趋势,结果表明:研究区草地多年平均生态需水量(6.4亿m^(3))高于林地的(0.5亿m^(3));年际上,植被生态需水总量上升,变化率为0.04亿m^(3)/10 a,其中,草地生态需水量总体增加(变化率为0.07亿m^(3)/10 a),林地生态需水量总体减少(变化率为0.04亿m^(3)/10 a);生长期内,4—7月植被需水量占总需水量的63%,7月植被需水量达到最大值1.38亿m^(3),7—10月需水量逐渐下降;空间上,中游地区需水总量略高于下游地区的,其中林地生态需水量大于下游地区的,草地生态需水量与下游地区的基本持平。Under the background of climate change and water shortage,the study on the change of vegetation ecological water demand in the middle and lower reaches of Shule Riverbasin is of great significance for water resources allocation,ecosystem balance and sustainable development of Shule River oasis.In this paper,the area quota method and the phreatic evaporation method were adopted to calculate and analyze the temporal and spatial variation trend during the vegetation growth period(April-October)in the middle and lower reaches of Shule River basin from 1980 to 2018.The results show that the average annual ecological water demand of grassland(640 million m^(3))is higher than that of woodland(50 million m^(3))in the study area.On the annual,the total ecological water demand of vegetation fluctuated and increased with the change rate of 4 million m^(3)/10 a,among which,the ecological water demand of grassland is increased(7 million m^(3)/10 a)and the ecological water demand of forest is decreased(4 million m^(3)/10 a).During the growing period,the vegetation water demand accounts for 63%of the total amount from April to July,reaches to the maximum value of 138 million m^(3)in July and gradually decreases from July to October.Spatially,the total water demand in the middle reaches is slightly higher than that of in the lower reaches,among which the ecological water demand of forest land is greater than that in the lower reaches and the water demand of grassland is basically the same as that in the lower reaches.

关 键 词：气候变化 生态需水 时空变化 疏勒河流域 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]