生物炭与秸秆还田对风沙土壤-微生物-胞外酶化学计量特征的影响  

Effects of biochar and straw on the C:N:P stoichiometry of soil,microbes,and extracellular enzymes in an aeolian sandy soil

作　　者：孙娇[1] 梁锦秀[1] 孔德杰[2] 郭鑫年[1] 魏永东 周涛[1] SUN Jiao;LIANG Jin-xiu;KONG De-jie;GUO Xin-nian;WEI Yong-dong;ZHOU Tao(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences of Ningxia,Yinchuan 750002,China;Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Science and Technology Bureau of Yanchi County,Yanchi 751500,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏农林科学院农业生物技术研究中心,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏回族自治区盐池县科学技术局,宁夏盐池751500

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第11期29-39,共11页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：宁夏农林科学院科研项目(NKYJ-18-17,YES-16-0906,NKYP-19-03)资助。

摘　　要：以宁夏贺兰山东路风沙土壤为研究对象,分析等碳量秸秆、生物炭还田后土壤、微生物、胞外酶及其化学计量特征,为农田养分调控和土壤可持续利用提供科学依据。结果表明,随着秸秆和生物炭还田量的增加土壤有机碳(C)、全磷(P)、速效氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)浓度显著增加,且生物炭还田优于等碳量秸秆处理。而秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤全氮(N)浓度影响不显著。土壤C/N、C/P、N/P、AN/AP变化范围在10.1~10.9、7.4~8.2、0.7、2.7~3.4。且N/P、AN/AP随秸秆还田量的增加显著增加,随生物炭还田量的增加显著降低。生物炭还田后土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、微生物生物量磷(MBP)含量显著高于等碳量秸秆还田。而秸秆还田后土壤微生物与胞外酶化学计量比均显著高于等碳量生物炭还田。相关性分析表明,秸秆还田后土壤AN与碱性磷酸酶(AKP)极显著负相关,与β-葡糖苷酶(BG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、β-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶(NAG)、MBC、(BG+CBH)/AKP、(NAG+LAP)/AKP、MBN/MBP极显著正相关。生物炭还田后土壤AP与BG、α-纤维素酶(CBH)、LAP、NAG、MBC、MBN、(BG+CBH)/AKP极显著正相关,与MNC/MBN极显著负相关。综上,生物炭还田有利于提高土壤养分浓度和微生物量,而秸秆还田更有利于维持土壤养分平衡。In this research straw or biochar were added to a sandy soil located at Helanshan East Road in Ningxia Province and the stoichiometric characteristics of soil,microorganisms and extracellular enzymes were analyzed to provide a scientific basis for farmland nutrient regulation and sustainable soil utilization.The experiment comprised seven treatments;a control,straw added at 3.5,7.0,or 10.5 t·ha^(-1),or biochar added at 3.4,6.8,or 10.2 t·ha^(-1).All plots received a standard base fertilizer dressing of 330 kg·ha^(-1)elemental N,46 kg·ha^(-1)elemental P and 75 kg·ha^(-1)elemental K.Our results demonstrated that the content of soil C,P,available N(AN)and available P(AP)increased significantly with increase in the rate of straw or biochar added,and addition of biochar was superior to addition of straw on an equal carbon basis.However,returning straw and biochar to the field had no significant influence on soil N content.Soil C/N,C/P,N/P and AN/AP ranged from 10.1-10.9,7.4-8.2,0.70-0.75 and 2.7-3.4,respectively.Additionally,both soil N/P and AN/AP exhibited a significant positive correlation with the quantity of straw returned,but a significant negative correlation with the quantity of biochar returned.The contents of microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)after biochar addition were higher than those after straw treatment on an equal carbon basis,while the stoichiometric ratios for C∶N,C∶P and N∶P of soil microorganisms and extracellular enzymes were significantly higher after straw addition than those after biochar addition to the field.Finally,correlation analysis revealed that after addition of straw,soil AN was significantly positively correlated withβ-glucosidase(BG),Lleucine aminopeptidase(LAP),β-acetylgucosaminidase(NAG),MBC,[BG+α-D-cellobiohydrolase(CBH)]∶β-acetylgucosaminidase(AKP),(NAG+LAP)∶AKP and MBN∶MBP,but negatively correlated with AKP.After addition of biochar to the field,soil AP was significantly positively correlated wi

关 键 词：生物炭与秸秆 风沙土 酶化学计量 微生物化学计量 养分平衡 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S141.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]