北方蚁(Formica aquilonia)对山地草甸土壤种子库的影响  

Effects of the ant species Formica aquilonia on soil seed banks in mountain meadows

作　　者：车昭碧 徐鹏飞 郭亚亚 曹佳敏 黄星宇 杨寒珺 鲁为华[1] CHE Zhao-bi;XU Peng-fei;GUO Ya-ya;CAO Jia-min;HUANG Xing-yu;YANG Han-jun;LU Wei-hua(College of Animal Science and Technology,Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《草业学报》2021年第11期40-51,共12页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860667)资助。

摘　　要：为明确北方蚁影响下蚁巢及其周围土壤种子库变化特征,以山地草甸中广泛分布的北方蚁为研究对象,探究距蚁巢不同距离、不同深度下土壤种子库的特征,以及土壤环境对种子库物种分布的影响。结果表明:蚁巢中心及周围土壤种子库中共出现28个物种,隶属12科28属,其中禾本科植物居多,蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度下,土壤中平车前、北疆剪股颖、无芒雀麦、鸭茅、草地早熟禾萌发数量均显著高于其他样点(P<0.05);土壤种子库物种生活型组成以多年生草本植物为主,蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度下多年生草本植物数量均显著高于其他样点(P<0.05);蚁巢中心0~10 cm、10~20 cm深度土壤种子库种子数量和物种数均显著高于蚁巢周围区域(P<0.05)。相同距离下,0~10 cm深度土壤种子库种子数量及物种数均高于10~20 cm深度;蚁巢大小与蚁巢中心土壤种子库种子数量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);随着距离的增加,同深度下土壤种子库丰富度指数、多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数大致呈现出"V"字型变化趋势,并在距蚁巢100 cm处物种多样性指数降至最低;RDA分析表明,土壤速效磷是影响该区土壤种子库分布的主要因子。北方蚁能对周围环境中的种子进行收集与搬运,增加了蚁巢内种子的数量,影响了周围环境中土壤种子库的空间分布,在小尺度范围内进行了种子再分配,改变了土壤种子库内的物种分布。The aim of this research was to clarify the influence on soil seed banks of the ant species Formica aquilonia,which is widely distributed in mountain meadows. Our study measured the composition of soil seed banks for 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil depths at the site of F. aquilonia nests,and at various distances from the nests.The influence of the soil environment on the species distribution of seed banks was also evaluated. It was found that for any given distance from ant nests,seed number and species number in the soil seed bank at 0-10 cm depth were significantly higher than at 10-20 cm. A total of 28 species belonging to 28 genera and 12 families,with the majority being from the Poaceae,were found in the soil seed bank at the center of ant nests. At depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm at the nest center,the germination numbers of Plantago depressa,Agrostis turkestanica,Bromus inermis,Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis in the soil were significantly higher than at other sample points(P<0. 05). Perennial herbs were the plant type found in highest numbers in the soil seed bank. Again,the number of perennial herb seeds was significantly higher(P<0. 05)at the nest center than at other sample points at both soil sampling depths. There was a significant positive correlation between nest size and seed number at the nest center(P<0. 01). With increasing distance from the nest center,the Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Marglef richness index,Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index values of the soil seed bank all exhibited a V-shaped pattern of change at both soil depths,with the species diversity index being lowest at 100 cm from the ant nest.Redundancy analysis indicated that soil available phosphorus was the main factor affecting the distribution of the soil seed bank in this area. The data show that F. aquilonia collect seeds from the surrounding environment and transport them to their nests,and so increase the seed number found at the nest site. This activity affects the spatial distribution of the soil seed ban

关 键 词：北方蚁 土壤种子库 物种组成 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]