甘肃中部灌区春小麦土壤氮磷钾养分丰缺指标及施肥指标研究  

Study on the abundance-deficiency index of soil nutrients and fertilization index for spring wheat in the central irrigation area of Gansu

作　　者：李云祥 胡福平 冯玉磊 卢军帅 王兴富 白斌 刘谦 LI Yun-xiang;HU Fu-ping;FENG Yu-lei;LU Jun-shuai;WANG Xing-fu;BAI Bin;LIU Qian(Pingchuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Baiyin,Pingchuan Gansu 730913)

机构地区：[1]白银市平川区农业技术推广中心,甘肃平川730913

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期34-41,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家农业农村部测土配方施肥补贴项目。

摘　　要：在甘肃中部引黄灌区及井灌区连续多年多点对春小麦氮磷钾土壤养分丰缺指标开展田间试验研究,建立本地灌区春小麦土壤有效养分与缺素区相对产量及氮磷钾最佳施肥量之间的函数模型,确定土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标和推荐施肥指标。结果表明:现阶段当地灌区小麦相对产量<50%(极低)、50%~60%(低)、60%~70%(较低)、70%~80%(中)、80%~90%(较高)、>90%(高)6个肥力等级的土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标划分为全氮<0.35、0.35~0.5、0.5~0.8、0.8~1.3、1.3~2.0、>2.0 g/kg;有效磷(P)<5、5~10、10~15、15~25、25~45、>45 mg/kg;速效钾(K)<65、65~90、90~130、130~185、185~265、>265 mg/kg。在正常年份降水及灌溉条件下,对应推荐施N量分别为>285、255~285、235~255、200~235、170~200、<170 kg/hm^(2),施P2O5量分别为>140、110~140、95~110、85~95、65~85、<65 kg/hm^(2);施K2O量分别为>70、65~70、45~65、35~45、25~35、<25 kg/hm^(2)。试验研究表明,当地灌区土壤氮素养分仍处于低水平;磷素养分处于中等水平;而钾素养分与以往相比有所下降,但依然处于中等较丰富水平。生产中春小麦应当合理增施氮肥,适度施用磷肥,适当增施钾肥。Field experiment was carried out on soil nutrient abundance-deficiency index for spring wheat in the Yellow River diversion irrigation area and well irrigation areas in central Gansu for consecutive years,to establish functional model between soil available nutrients and relative yield and the optimal application of N,P,K fertilizer for spring wheat,and to determine soil nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium nutrient abundance-deficiency indexes and recommended fertilization indexes.Results showed that under 6 fertility levels of the abundance-deficiency index of soil N,P and K nutrients corresponding to relative yield of<50%,50%~60%,60%~70%,70%~80%,80%~90%,>90%for spring wheat in local irrigation area,it could be divided into<0.35,0.35~0.5,0.5~0.8,0.8~1.3,1.3~2.0,>2.0 g/kg for total N;<5,5~10,10~15,15~25,25~45,>45 mg/kg for available-P;<65,65~90,90~130,130~185,185~265,>265 mg/kg for available K,respectively.Under normal annual precipitation and irrigation conditions,the corresponding N fertilizer recommendation rates were as>285,255~285,235~255,200~235,170~200,<170 kg/hm^(2),the corresponding P fertilizer recommendation rates were as>140,110~140,95~110,85~95,65~85,<65 kg/hm^(2)P2O5,and the corresponding K fertilizer recommendation rates were as>70,65~70,45~65,35~45,25~35,<25 kg/hm^(2)K2O.It indicated that soil N was still at low levels,P was at medium low levels,however,K decreased compared with the past in the local irrigation area,but was at a moderate level of affluence.In the production of spring wheat,nitrogen fertilizer should be increased reasonably,phosphate fertilizer should be applied appropriately,and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately applied.

关 键 词：灌区 春小麦 氮磷钾 丰缺指标 推荐施肥指标 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]