施氮水平对油菜生育后期氮素吸收积累和分配的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application level on nitrogen uptake,accumulation and distribution in oilseed rape during late growing period

作　　者：张叶 聂凌利 邢蔓 王晓丹 周冰倩 刘蓓姝 官春云[1] 官梅[1] ZHANG Ye;NIE Ling-li;XING Man;WANG Xiao-dan;ZHOU Bing-qian;LIU Bei-shu;GUAN Chun-yun;GUAN Mei(Hunan Branch of National Oil Improvement Center of Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha Hunan 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学国家油料改良中心湖南分中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期67-73,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014 BAD11 B03);国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-13)。

摘　　要：以湘油15为材料,应用15N示踪技术,在盆栽条件下设置两个施氮水平,通过比较研究油菜初花期、盛花期、终花期、角果发育期、成熟期的干物质积累、氮素积累和分配以及15N丰度,以揭示油菜生育后期根系对氮肥的吸收特性和氮素的再分配规律,为油菜高效氮肥管理和高产栽培提供理论依据。结果表明:在油菜发育后期,根的氮素累积量变化不大,茎的氮素累积量的变化呈现单峰模式,在盛花期达到最大值。叶片氮素积累量从初花期到终花期显著下降;角果粒氮素积累量呈S形曲线,终花期之前缓慢增加,终花期至结果发育期快速增加,其后略有增加;茎秆中氮素积累量从盛花期开始缓慢降低;角果皮在终花期积累至最高,其后逐渐下降;角果果瓣在终花期后略有降低,但变幅不大。在低施氮水平(T1处理)下,油菜生育后期有61.98%的氮素来自土壤,38.02%的来自肥料,所有器官中氮素来源于土壤中的比例高于来自肥料中的比例;在高施氮水平(T2处理)下,油菜生育后期总积累的氮素来自肥料氮的比例为52.69%,高于来自土壤的比例(47.31%),其中角果粒和茎秆中积累的氮素来自肥料的比例显著高于来自土壤的比例,根、角果皮和角果果瓣中积累的氮素来自肥料和土壤的比例相接近。油菜生育后期对氮素仍然有较大的需求量,也具有较强的氮素吸收与累积能力。The experiment was carried out in the canopy.Xiang You 15 was regarded as our experiment material,and the 15N tracer technique was taken.Two nitrogen levels were set up under the condition of potted plant,the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and distribution and 15N abundance during the rapeseed early flowering,full bloom,final flowering,bean stage and mature period were compared and researched to reveal the absorption characteristics of nitrogen fertilizer and the redistribution of nitrogen in the root system of rapeseed,and to provide a theoretical basis for efficient nitrogen management and high-yield cultivation of rapeseed.The results showed that:in the late stage of rape,the amount of nitrogen accumulation in the root was not significant,and the change of nitrogen accumulation in the stem showed the single peak mode,which reached the maximum during the flowering period.The amount of nitrogen accumulation of leaves decreased significantly not in the early flowering period but in the final flowering stage.The amount of nitrogen accumulation in the silique showed the S pattern,which increased slowly before the final flowering period,after that increased rapidly until the fruiting period,and then increased a little.The amount of nitrogen accumulation in the stem from the flowering period began slowly.The pod skin accumulated to the highest in the final flowering period,then gradually decreased.The pod carpel decreased slightly after the final flowering period,but the change was small.At the low level of nitrogen,61.98%of the rape nitrogen came from soil,and 38.02%came from fertilizer,which indicated that the proportion of nitrogen from the soil was higher than that from fertilizer.In the high nitrogen level,the percentage of total accumulated nitrogen of rapeseed from fertilizer was 52.69%,compared with the 47.31%from the soil,and the percentage of the accumulation of nitrogen in silique and stem was significantly higher than from the soil.The proportion was close for root,pod skin and pod carpe

关 键 词：油菜 施氮量 生育后期 氮素 吸收 分配 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]