化肥减量条件下水溶性追肥比例对烤烟产质量的影响  

Effects of different ratio of water soluble fertilizer topdressing on yield and quality of tobacco leaves under the condition of reducing fertilizer

作　　者：沈晗[1] 石俊雄 杨凯[1] 朱启法 汤朝起[1] 张恒 徐玮杰 裴洲洋[3] 李世金[3] 朱经伟 SHEN Han;SHI Jun-xiong;YANG Kai;ZHU Qi-fa;TANG Zhao-qi;ZHANG Heng;XU Wei-jie;PEI Zhou-yang;LI Shi-jin;ZHU Jing-wei(Technical Center,Shanghai Tobacco Group Co.Ltd.,Shanghai 201315;Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute,Guiyang Guizhou 550081;Anhui Wannan Tobacco Co.Ltd.,Xuancheng Anhui 242000)

机构地区：[1]上海烟草集团有限责任公司技术中心,上海201315 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵州贵阳550081 [3]安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司,安徽宣城242000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期89-94,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：上海烟草集团有限责任公司项目“基于优质适产的烤烟化学肥料减量技术研究与应用”(K2016-1-051P)。

摘　　要：为提高烤烟肥料利用率,减少化肥施用,2018年在安徽皖南进行小区试验,设置不施肥、常规施肥(对照)处理,在氮肥减少13%,磷肥和钾肥各减少30%条件下水溶性肥料追肥比例分别为50%、60%、70%、80%,共6个处理,3次重复,分析其对烤烟氮磷钾的吸收利用、生长发育及产量质量的影响。结果表明:(1)追肥比例为50%~60%时总干物质积累量显著高于常规对照;随追肥比例的提高,叶部和总干物质积累量呈降低趋势。(2)随追肥比例的提高,氮、钾的吸收量呈降低趋势。(3)追肥比例为50%时烟株的氮、磷、钾利用率比常规对照分别提高6.3、3.4、25.3个百分点;随着追肥比例的提高,氮、钾利用率呈降低趋势。(4)水溶性肥料追肥各处理烟叶的产量、产值和感官质量与常规对照相比总体无明显差异。氮肥、磷肥和钾肥适当减量的情况下,采用水溶性肥料追肥,追肥比例为50%左右时,能够提高肥料利用率,促进根系生长和烟株干物质积累,且烟叶产量和品质不受影响。In order to improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers,a field experiment was conducted with three replications in six treatments in Anhui Wannan in 2018.Effects of different ratio of water soluble fertilizer topdressing 50%,60%,70%,80%on yield and quality of tobacco leaves under the conditions of reducing nitrogen fertilizer by 13%and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer by 30%were analyzed.The results showed that(1)When the topdressing ratio was 50%~60%,the biomass accumulation of total plants of the treatment was significantly higher than the normal control.With the increase of the topdressing ratio,the biomass accumulation of leaves and total plants decreased.(2)With the increase of the topdressing ratio,the nitrogen and potassium accumulation of plants decreased.(3)When the topdressing ratio was 50%,the nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium utilization efficiency increased by 6.3,3.4 and 25.3 percentage point,respectively,compared with the normal control.With the increase of the topdressing ratio,the nitrogen and potassium utilization efficiency decreased.(4)There were not significantly different between treatments and the normal control on yield,output value and sensory quality of tobacco leaves.When water-soluble fertilizer was applied,the topdressing ratio was about 50%,it could increase fertilizer utilization efficiency,promote root growth and biomass accumulation of plants,and yield and quality of tobacco leaves were unaffected.

关 键 词：化肥减量 水溶性肥料 追肥比例 烟叶产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]