中药渣有机肥耦合高效水溶肥改良不同肥力设施番茄土壤效果  

Improvement effects of coupling of Chinese medicine residue compost and high-efficient water-soluble fertilizer on tomato greenhouse soils with different fertilities

作　　者：王光飞[1] 廖开志[2] 马艳[1] 郭德杰[1] 徐传银[2] 梁永红 颜士敏 WANG Guang-fei;LIAO Kai-zhi;MA Yan;GUO De-jie;XU Chuan-yin;LIANG Yong-hong;YAN Shi-min(Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Environments,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210014;Donghai Agro-Technology Extension Center,Lianyungang Jiangsu 222300;Jiangsu Province Station of Farmland Quality and Agro-Environmental Protection,Nanjing Jiangsu 210036)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]东海县农业技术推广中心,江苏连云港222300 [3]江苏省耕地质量与农业环境保护站,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期103-111,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：江苏省农业自主创新资金[CX(17)2025];江苏省重点研发计划(BE2019394)。

摘　　要：采用常规施肥(CK)、中药渣有机肥(OF)和中药渣有机肥耦合高效水溶肥减肥30%(HOF)3种处理在2种肥力日光温室进行田间试验,以探讨中药渣有机肥耦合高效水溶肥对设施番茄土壤性状和产量的影响。结果表明,与CK处理相比,HOF处理可提升pH 0.13~0.15,并显著降低电导率328.5~371.3μS/cm、硝态氮60.7~305.0 mg/kg、有效磷42.6~57.1 mg/kg和速效钾179.4~274.1 mg/kg。OF处理也可显著改善土壤化学性状,但效果明显弱于HOF。土壤生物学方面,HOF处理较CK显著增加了土壤细菌数量、微生物活性和多样性,并显著削减28.5%~36.0%的真菌数量。OF处理改善效果弱于HOF处理,且对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性有抑制作用。另外,HOF处理改善高肥力土壤化学和生物性状的作用强于中肥力土壤的改善作用。与CK处理相比,HOF处理在中肥力和高肥力日光温室的增产率分别为9.0%和13.1%,而OF处理分别为4.6%和5.9%。相关性和主成分分析显示,HOF处理通过降低土壤盐分与养分,改善土壤生物学性状进而达到增产,而HOF处理平衡性减施速效养分投入极利于改善土壤性状,且在高肥力土壤中尤为明显。因此,中药渣有机肥耦合高效水溶肥,可在减施30%化肥养分条件下有效改善富营养设施的土壤综合质量。A field experiment was carried out in solar greenhouses with 2 kinds of different soil fertilities to study the effects of coupling of Chinese medicine residue compost and high-efficient water-soluble fertilizer on soil properties and tomato yield.Three fertilization treatments were selected:conventional fertilizer(CK),Chinese medicine residue compost,coupling of Chinese medicine residue compost and high-efficient water-soluble fertilizer with chemical fertilizer nutrient reducing by 30%(HOF).The results showed that HOF treatment increased soil pH by 0.13~0.15 and significantly reduced electrical conductivity by 328.5~371.3μS/cm,nitrate nitrogen by 60.7~305.0 mg/kg,available P by 42.6~57.1 mg/kg and available K by 179.4~274.1 mg/kg,compared with CK.OF treatment also significantly improved soil chemical properties,but the improvement effect was weaker than HOF treatment.As for soil biological properties,HOF treatment increased bacterial abundance and microbial activity and diversity and decreased fungal abundance 28.5%~36.0%,with HOF treatment more significant than OF treatment.However,OF treatment had inhibitory effect on soil urease,invertase and phosphatase activities.Furthermore,the improvement effect of HOF treatment on comprehensive soil properties of high fertility soil was stronger than that of moderate fertility soil.HOF treatment increased the tomato yield by 9.0%and 13.1%in moderate and high fertility soils relative to CK,respectively,while OF treatment increased by 4.6%and 5.9%,respectively.Correlation and principal component analysis indicated that HOF treatment could reduce soil salt and nutrient content and improve soil biological properties,thus effectively increasing the yield.In addition,balanced reduction of available nutrient input via HOF treatment was beneficial to improve soil properties.This situation was more obvious in high fertility soil.Therefore,coupling of Chinese medicine residue compost and high-efficient water-soluble fertilizer can effectively improve the soil fertility quality i

关 键 词：中药渣有机肥 高效水溶肥 土壤肥力 土壤性状 产量 

分 类 号：S626[农业科学—园艺学] S641.2