春大豆施钼条件下最适氮磷肥施用量研究  

Study on optimum rates of nitrogen and phosphorus under the condition of molybdenum application in spring soybean

作　　者：唐利忠 朱旺冲 谢宜芝 周舰 雷干农 李小红[2] TANG Li-zhong;ZHU Wang-chong;XIE Yi-zhi;ZHOU Jian;LEI Gan-nong;LI Xiao-hong(Yongzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yongzhou Hunan 425100;Crop Research Institute of Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha Hunan 410125)

机构地区：[1]永州市农业科学研究所,湖南永州425100 [2]湖南省农业科学院作物研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期163-168,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“南方大豆优质高产广适新品种培育”(2017YFD0101500);永州市本级农业科技平台建设项目。

摘　　要：缺乏高效的养分管理技术体系,一直是制约永州地区富硒大豆产业发展的重要因素。为优化春大豆钼肥拌种条件下氮、磷肥运筹,提高养分利用效率和产量,以“湘春豆V8”为材料,通过大田小区试验探究不同氮肥和磷肥施用水平组合对春大豆产量和产量构成、干物质和养分累积量,以及养分利用效率的影响。结果表明,(1)单独采用钼肥拌种能显著提高大豆单株有效分枝数和荚果数,增幅分别达71.4%和10.0%;显著提高大豆的生物产量和地上部分氮素累积量,增幅分别达17.8%和22.9%。(2)处理MN1P2(80 g/100 kg钼肥拌种+45 kg/hm^(2)尿素+300 kg/hm^(2)钙镁磷肥)和处理MN2P1(80 g/100 kg钼肥拌种+75 kg/hm^(2)尿素+150 kg/hm^(2)钙镁磷肥)产量分别达2675.64和2576.49 kg/hm^(2);两处理氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、磷肥利用率、磷利用效率分别为35.15和20.97 kg/kg、181.15%和111.53%、14.28%和15.94%、319.69和450.55 kg/kg。(3)相较于当地常规施肥措施(75 kg/hm^(2)尿素+450 g/hm^(2)钙镁磷肥),MN1P2和MN2P1两处理施氮、磷肥减施幅度分别达40%、50%和0%、66.7%。永州贫钼地区春大豆钼肥拌种前提下,氮、磷施用量为45 kg/hm^(2)尿素+300 kg/hm^(2)钙镁磷肥或75 kg/hm^(2)尿素+150 kg/hm^(2)钙镁磷肥,可在减施氮磷肥的基础上,获得较高的产量和提高大豆养分利用率。Lacking of efficient nutrient management technology system had always been an important factor that restricting the development of selenium rich soybean industry in Yongzhou.To optimize the nitrogen and phosphorus managements under the condition of seed dressing with molybdenum fertilizer,and to improve the nutrient use efficiency and yield of spring soybean,the effects of different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus rates on yield and yield formation,dry matter and nutrient accumulations and nutrient use efficiency with paddy field plot scale experiment by“Xiangchundou V8”as material,were investigated.The results indicated that(1)Seeds dressing with molybdenum fertilizer alone significantly increased the effective branches and pods per soybean plan by 71.4%and 10.0%,respectively;and increased the biomass and nitrogen significant accumulation of above ground part of soybean by 17.8%and 22.9%,respectively.(2)The yields of treatment MN1P2(80 g/100 kg molybdenum fertilizer+45 kg/hm^(2)urea+300 kg/hm^(2)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer)and treatment MN2P1(80 g/100 kg molybdenum fertilizer+75 kg/hm^(2)urea+150 kg/hm^(2)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer)achieved 2675.64 and 2576.49 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Moreover,nitrogen agronomic use efficiency,nitrogen absorption utilization rate,phosphorus utilization rate and phosphorus use efficiency were 35.15 and 20.97 kg/kg,181.15%and 111.53%,14.28%and 15.94%,319.69 and 450.55 kg/kg,respectively.(3)Compared with the local conventional fertilization measures(75 kg/hm^(2)urea+450 kg/hm^(2)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer),MN1P2 and MN2P1 achieved 40%and 50%,0%and 66.7%reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus application.It can be concluded that under the condition of spring soybean seed dressing with molybdenum fertilizer in field where lacking molybdenum in Yongzhou,applied nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rates by 45 kg/hm^(2)urea+300 kg/hm^(2)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer or 75 kg/hm^(2)urea+150 kg/hm^(2)calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer,

关 键 词：春大豆 钼肥拌种 氮磷施用量 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]