不同生育期大豆品种氮素积累特性研究  

Study on nitrogen accumulation characteristics of soybean varieties in different growth periods

作　　者：姚玉波[1,2] 张树权[2] 柴永山[3] 马春梅[4] 龚振平[4] YAO Yu-bo;ZHANG Shu-quan;CHAI Yong-shan;MA Chun-mei;GONG Zhen-ping(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;Institute of Industrial Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin Heilongjiang 150086;College of Agriculture,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin Heilongjiang 150030)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [4]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期169-175,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院科研项目(2019JJPY004,2020FJZX006);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD1000905);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划(GA19B101)。

摘　　要：为研究不同生育期大豆品种的氮素积累特性,以10个在黑龙江省哈尔滨地区生育期不同的大豆品种为试验材料,利用^(15)N示踪技术,在框栽条件下分析大豆植株全氮累积规律,以及不同氮素来源,即土壤氮、肥料氮和根瘤氮的积累和分配规律。结果表明:不同生育期大豆品种全株和各器官的全氮积累量,除了根部,均表现为晚熟品种>中熟品种>早熟品种,不同生育期品种间差异显著;不同生育期大豆品种土壤氮和肥料氮占全氮比例与生育期负相关,即早熟品种>中熟品种>晚熟品种,不同生育期品种营养器官中土壤氮和肥料氮比例高于荚皮和籽粒;不同生育期大豆品种根瘤固氮量和占全氮比例与生育期正相关,即晚熟品种>中熟品种>早熟品种,根瘤氮主要积累在大豆荚皮和籽粒中,分配到籽粒中的根瘤氮占全株根瘤氮积累量的76.38%~92.25%。本研究为丰富不同生育期大豆品种氮素积累特性及氮肥调控提供数据支持。In order to investigate nitrogen accumulation characteristics of soybean varieties in different growth periods,10 soybean varieties of different growth periods in Harbin,Heilongjiang province were used as experiment materials.Accumulation regularity of total nitrogen in soybean plants,accumulation and distribution regularity of soil nitrogen,fertilizer nitrogen and nodules nitrogen fixation were analyzed under frame condition with ^(15)N tracer technology.The results showed that the order of the total nitrogen accumulation among whole plant and organs besides root was late-maturing varieties>medium-maturing varieties>early-maturing varieties,and there were significant differences of different varieties.The ratio of soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen to total nitrogen of different varieties was negatively correlated with growth period,which showed as early-maturing varieties>medium-maturing varieties>late-maturing varieties,and the ratio of soil nitrogen and fertilizer nitrogen in vegetative organs was higher than that in pods and grains.Nodule nitrogen fixation accumulation and the proportion of total nitrogen were positively correlated with the growth period,which showed as late-maturing varieties>medium-maturing varieties>early-maturing varieties,nodule nitrogen mainly accumulates in pods and seeds,and the ratio of nodule nitrogen fixation assigned to seeds was 76.38%~92.25%of the total nitrogen accumulation.The results provide data support for enriching the nitrogen accumulation characteristics and nitrogen fertilizer of soybeans varieties in different growth periods.

关 键 词：大豆 氮素 积累 特性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]