连续4年基肥减量对生菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响  

Effects of base fertilizer reduction on yield,quality and soil nutrients of lettuce for four consecutive years

作　　者：刘瑜[1] 赵凯丽[1] 曲明山[1] 金丽华 陈娟[1] 廖洪[1] LIU Yu;ZHAO Kai-li;QU Ming-shan;JIN Li-hua;CHEN Juan;LIAO Hong(Beijing Soil Fertilizer Extension Service Station,Beijing 100029;Beijing Tongzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Beijing 101101)

机构地区：[1]北京市土肥工作站,北京100029 [2]北京市通州区农业技术推广站,北京101101

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2021年第5期185-191,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0801001-4);北京市叶类蔬菜创新团队。

摘　　要：长期定点监测不同基肥配方肥用量对生菜产量、品质和土壤养分的影响,为生菜科学施肥提供数据支撑。在2016~2019年通过田间定位试验,设置了4个基肥配方肥水平,CK(0 kg/hm^(2))、1/2CG(375 kg/hm^(2))、3/4CG(562.5 kg/hm^(2))和农户习惯CG(750 kg/hm^(2)),测定了连续4年8茬生菜产量、品质和土壤养分指标。结果表明,CK处理生菜产量从第2茬开始显著低于其他处理,1/2CG处理生菜的平均产量最高,春茬和秋茬分别较CK处理提高15.17%和10.06%,较CG处理提高3.95%和3.24%,施用基肥配方肥对生菜产量有显著提高作用,适当减少生菜基肥配方肥用量并未造成生菜减产。1/2CG处理8茬生菜硝酸盐含量均低于CG处理,1/2CG和3/4CG处理Vc含量分别较CG处理提高,适当的基肥配方肥减量可以提高生菜Vc含量,降低硝酸盐含量。基肥配方肥可以提高土壤速效养分含量,对维持土壤有效磷和速效钾有重要作用。通过基肥配方肥施用量与产量拟合方程得出结论,在基肥配方N-P2O5-K2O(18-9-18)的条件下,生菜春茬基肥配方肥推荐量为478.64 kg/hm^(2),秋茬基肥配方肥推荐量为453.75 kg/hm^(2)。In this study,the long-term site-specific test was carried out from 2016 to 2019 to monitor the yield,quality and soil nutrients of different base fertilizer dosage,so as to provide data support for scientific fertilization of lettuce.Four base fertilizer levels,including CK(0 kg/hm^(2)),1/2CG(375 kg/hm^(2)),3/4CG(562.5 kg/hm^(2))and farmers’habits CG(750 kg/hm^(2))were set up,to determine the yield,quality and soil nutrients of eight crops of lettuce for 4 consecutive years.The results showed that the yield of lettuce treated by CK was significantly lower than that of other treatments from the 2 nd crop.The average yield of lettuce treated by 1/2CG was the highest.Spring and autumn crops were 15.17%and 10.06%higher than CK treatment.Compared with CG treatment,the yield of lettuce treated were 3.95%and 3.24%higher.The increase of application amount of base fertilizer formula significantly improve the yield of lettuce.And the appropriate reduction of the amount of base fertilizer formula did not reduce the yield of lettuce.The nitrate content of lettuce treated with 1/2CG was significantly lower than that of CG treatment.The contents of Vc treated with 1/2CG and 3/4CG increased compared with that treated with CG.Appropriate reduction of base fertilizer formula could increase the content of Vc and reduce the content of nitrate in lettuce.It could increase the content of available nutrients in soil and play an important role in maintaining available phosphorus and available potassium in soil.Based on the fitting equation of application amount and yields of base fertilizer formula,under the condition of N-P_(2)O_(5)-K_(2)O(18-9-18),the recommended amount of base fertilizer formula for lettuce spring crop is 478.64 kg/hm^(2),and 453.75 kg/hm^(2)for autumn crop.

关 键 词：生菜 基肥配方肥 减量 产量 品质 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S636.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]