《寻找丢失的时间》:关于“恨”与“爱”的启示  

A la Recherche du Temps Perdu: Enlightenment on “Hatred” and “Love”

作　　者：郭晓蕾[1,2,3] Guo Xiaolei(University of Paris XII,France;Post doctoral mobile station of Chinese language and literature of Fudan University;Department of Chinese,Sun Yat sen University,510275)

机构地区：[1]法国巴黎第十二大学 [2]复旦大学中国语言文学博后流动站 [3]中山大学中文系,510275

出　　处：《文艺理论研究》2021年第5期167-175,共9页Theoretical Studies in Literature and Art

摘　　要：普鲁斯特的长篇叙事小说《寻找丢失的时间》暴露出时间性自我--"我"--之不可豁免的存在形式是异化,异化的心理学表述是欲望,其伦理学表述则是"恨邻人";普鲁斯特的现代文艺篇章令古老的"原罪"变得更具可视性。但普鲁斯特同时提出了"超时间性的"自我--"真我"。"真我"和"我",与萨特笔下的"前/非反思意识"和"反思意识",具有同构的叙事旨趣:时间性自我具有虚构性,自我本身是复调性的;而这意味着,虽然"恨"是"我"对世界之必然的伦理冲动,"不恨"也是一种现实的、存在性的可能。拉康意图借由对"爱欲如己"之必然性的论证,为"爱邻如己"提供存在论证明,从而克服传统道德律法主义必然导致的对存在的施虐,但却在事实上令"爱"面临着失去伦理价值的危险。普鲁斯特笔下的"我"反驳了拉康对"爱邻如己"的乐观展望,"真我"则因其超历史性而与异化绝缘,并为"爱"这一伦理意向提供着一个"消极"的逻辑起点。通过对自我既在,又不在历史之中的存在形式的展陈,普鲁斯特赋予了爱与恨伦理的意义。Marcel Proust’s long narrative A la Recherche du Temps Perdu reveals that the inevitable form of existence of the temporal ego, "I", is alienation, with desire as its psychological expression and "hating the neighbor" as its ethical expression. But Proust also suggests an extra-temporal ego, the "true I." The narratives of the "true I" and "I" are isomorphic to Sartre’s "pre/non-reflective consciousness" and "reflective consciousness." The temporal ego is fictional and the ego is polyphonic. This means that, although "hatred" is the inevitable ethical impulse of the "I" towards the world, "non-hatred" is also a realistic and existential possibility. Lacan intends to demonstrate the inevitability of "loving your desire as yourself" so as to provide an ontological proof for "loving your neighbor as yourself" and to overcome traditional moral legalism’s abuse of existence. However, Jacques Lacan has in reality risked losing love’s ethical value. The "I" in A la Recherche refutes Lacan’s optimistic prospect of "loving your neighbor as yourself, " while the "true I," free from of alienation because of its extra-historical nature, provides a "negative" logical starting point for love. By exposing the polyphonic form of existence of the ego, A la Recherche has given love and hatred ethical significance.

关 键 词：普鲁斯特 奥古斯丁 康德 萨特 拉康 

分 类 号：I565.074[文学—其他各国文学]