“双碳”背景下天然工质的改革及减排潜力  

Natural working fluids transformation and carbon emission reduction potential on the path to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality

作　　者：安青松[1] 闫若雪 孙博阳 马一太[1] AN Qingsong;YAN Ruoxue;SUN Boyang;MA Yitai(Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Low and Medium Grade Energy(Tianjin University),MOE,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学中低温热能高效利用教育部重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《华电技术》2021年第11期85-90,共6页HUADIAN TECHNOLOGY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-国家电网公司联合基金项目(U1766210)。

摘　　要：工质通常被称为热力循环系统的"血液",在热工循环中起着至关重要的作用。随着我国"双碳"目标的确立,以及《〈关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书〉基加利修正案》的生效,我国开启了协同应对臭氧层损耗和气候变化的新篇章,这对工质的选用提出了更高的要求。介绍了工质发展简史及现阶段面临的主要挑战,并详细阐述天然工质的物性及应用情况。R744(CO_(2)),R718(H_(2)O),R717(NH_(3)),碳氢类(HCs)等天然工质有较优的环保性能,在工质改革中被寄予很大的希望,成为了替代传统工质(HFCs)的主要研究对象。如何以天然工质替代传统工质在制冷热泵系统中的应用需要进一步的审视,同时,开发者应更加重视工质与系统和技术的适匹性。最后,通过对未来各应用场景下可实现的碳减排效果进行测算,希望为全面了解"双碳"目标下的天然工质替代方案和减排潜力提供参考。Working fluids,so-called the "blood" of thermal cycle systems,play vital roles in the cycles. At present,with the establishment of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and the entrance into force of The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol in China,our coordinating responses to ozone layer depletion and climate change start a new chapter,which make higher requirements on working medium selection. The development history of working fluids and the main challenges at this stage are briefed,and the physical properties and applications of natural working fluids are elaborated.Natural working fluids,such as R744(CO_(2)),R718(H_(2)O),R717(NH_(3))and hydrocarbons(HCs),are more environmental and expected to be the alternative for the traditional working fluids(HFCs)and play key role in refrigerant revolution. The ways to replace the traditional working fluids by natural working fluids in refrigeration and heat pump systems,and the matchability between working fluids and different systems and technologies need more attention. Finally,the carbon emission reduction in various scenarios is measured. It is expected to provide reference for natural working fluids replacement and their emission reduction potentials on the path to carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.

关 键 词：天然工质 “双碳”目标 基加利修正案 制冷与热泵 碳减排潜力 零臭氧破坏潜能 全球变暖潜能 

分 类 号：TB64[一般工业技术—制冷工程]