赤泥脱碱方法及其机理研究进展  

Research Progress on Dealkaliation Methods and Mechanism of Red Mud

作　　者：陈珊 陈允建 谢鑫 董泽靖 张琴 伏江丽 黄建洪[1] CHEN Shan;CHEN Yunjian;XIE Xin;DONG Zejing;ZHANG Qin;FU Jiangli;HUANG Jianhong(Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650500

出　　处：《硅酸盐通报》2021年第10期3414-3426,共13页Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1904103)。

摘　　要：赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中产生的强碱性废弃物,其强碱性是制约自身大规模综合利用的重要因素。因此十分有必要对赤泥进行脱碱,以期实现赤泥的综合利用,保障铝工业可持续发展。论文综述了国内外赤泥脱碱方法,如水洗法、酸浸法、石灰法、盐类浸出法、CO2法、生物法等;同时从自由碱和化学结合碱的角度分析了各种脱碱方法的特点及主要脱碱机理,总结出赤泥脱碱的原理主要是中和反应、沉淀反应及钠置换反应。最后剖析了各种脱碱方法存在的问题,并对赤泥脱碱的研究提出了建议,这将为赤泥脱碱技术的进步以及赤泥的综合利用提供参考。Red mud is a strong alkaline waste produced during the production of alumina, and its high alkaline is an important factor restricting its large-scale comprehensive utilization. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to dealkalize red mud in order to achieve its comprehensive utilization and ensure the sustainable development of the aluminum industry. In this paper, the domestic and foreign red mud dealkaliation methods are reviewed, such as water washing, acid leaching, lime leaching, salt leaching, CO2 method, biological method, etc. At the same time, the characteristics of various dealkalization methods and the main dealkalization mechanism are analyzed from the perspective of free alkali and chemical combined alkali. It is concluded that the principle of red mud dealkalization is mainly neutralization reaction, precipitation reaction and sodium replacement reaction. At last, the existing problems of various dealkaliation methods are analyzed, and the current suggestions for the study of red mud dealkalization are put forward. This provides a reference for the progress of red mud dealkalization technology and the comprehensive utilization of red mud.

关 键 词：赤泥 脱碱方法 脱碱机理 自由碱 化学结合碱 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]