种植密度对南疆机采棉群体农艺特征和产量的影响  

Influence of Planting Density on the Agronomic Characteristics and Yield of Machine Picked Cotton in Southern Xinjiang

作　　者：张娜[1] 冯璐[2] 马云珍 李玲 范正义[2] 李小飞 杨北方 万素梅[3] 李亚兵[2] 徐文修[1] ZHANG Na;FENG Lu;MA Yunzhen;LI Ling;FAN Zhengyi;LI Xiaofei;YANG Beifang;WAN Sumei;LI Yabing;XU Wenxiu(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Henan Anyang 455000,China;College of Plant Science,Tarim University,Xinjiang Aral 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所,棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000 [3]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2021年第11期172-180,共9页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省科技厅科技攻关项目(192102110096);新疆农业大学棉花团队发展基金项目(XNMH2019004)。

摘　　要：在新疆南疆地区自然生态条件下,以中棉所88号为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,设置6个种植密度(P1:9万株·hm^(-2),P2:12万株·hm^(-2),P3:15万株·hm^(-2),P4:18万株·hm^(-2)、P5:21万株·hm^(-2),P6:24万株·hm^(-2)),研究了一膜六行机采棉模式下棉花株高、主茎日增长量、茎粗、节枝比、叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、冠层开度、叶倾角和产量对种植密度的响应。结果表明:增大密度显著降低了棉花的株高、茎粗、单株叶面积、冠层开度及节枝比(P<0.05);主茎日增量在初花期以前为密度越大其越高,初花期后则反之;各处理LAI均在盛铃前期达到峰值,以P4处理最高为4.74;叶倾角则随密度增大而增大,各处理在30.0°~46.9°浮动;籽棉及皮棉产量均在P5处理达到最高,分别为6272.79 kg·hm^(-2)和2874.82 kg·hm^(-2)但其与P3、P4处理均无显著差异。综上得出,在一膜六行机采模式下,南疆棉花的种植密度在15万~18万株·hm^(-2)范围内,棉花株型及冠层结构良好,产量较高。Under the natural ecological conditions in Southern Xinjiang,this paper took the cultivar‘Zhongmiansuo 88’as research material.A single factor random block design was used with six planting densities treatments:90000 plants·hm^(-2)(P1),120000 plants·hm^(-2)(P2),150000 plants·hm^(-2)(P3)180000 plants·hm^(-2)(P4),210000 plants·hm^(-2)(P5)and 240000 plants·hm^(-2)(P6)to study responses of cotton plant height,daily increase of stem,stem diameter,fruit node/fruit branches ratio,leaf area index(LAI),canopy openness,leaf angle and yield to planting density under the plant pattern with one film and six rows.The results showed that:increasing the density significantly reduced the plant height,stem diameter,leaf area per plant,canopy openness and fruit node/fruit branches ratio(P<0.05)of the cotton.Before the initial flowering period,the daily increase of stem was the greater the density and the higher it was,while opposite tendency was after the initial flowering period,the LAI of all treatments reached peak value at the initial full boll period,and the highest was 4.74 in P4 treatment.The leaf inclination angle increased with density increasing,different treatment ranged from 30.0°to 46.9°.Both the seed cotton and lint yields all reached the highest in P5 treatment,which were 6272.79 and 2874.82 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,but there was no significant difference from P3 and P4 treatment.In summary,with well cotton morphological structure and the higher yield,150000 to 180000 plants·hm^(-2) was the proper range planting density of cotton in southern Xinjiang under the planting pattern with one film and six rows.

关 键 词：新疆 机采棉 种植密度 形态结构 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]