加气灌溉及水氮耦合滴灌对加工番茄产量及品质的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on the Yield and Quality of Processing Tomato Under Aerated Irrigation

作　　者：陈潇洁 吕德生[1] 王振华[1] 李文昊[1] 宗睿 温越 邹杰 CHEN Xiaojie;LYU Desheng;WANG Zhenhua;LI Wenhao;ZONG Rui;WEN Yue;ZOU Jie(College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Shihezi University,Xinjiang Shihezi 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2021年第11期191-200,共10页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201506);兵团科技创新团队项目(2019CB004);兵团节水灌溉试验计划项目(BTJSSY-201907);石河子大学国际科技合作推进计划项目(GJHZ201803)。

摘　　要：为研究水、氮、气对加工番茄产量和品质的影响,设置2个灌溉水平(4950和4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),4个施氮水平(280、250、220、190 kg·hm^(-2)),2个加气水平(掺气比例15%和掺气比例0%),共16个处理,分析了不同水、肥、气处理下新疆加工番茄产量和品质的变化,并利用主成分分析和隶属函数法对番茄产量和品质进行综合评价。结果表明,相同灌水量下,加工番茄单株产量、单果重、维生素C、可溶性固形物随施氮量增加呈抛物线趋势变化,有机酸含量随施氮量增加呈增加趋势,单株果数随施氮量增加呈减小趋势。相同施氮量条件下,高灌水量处理的单株产量、单果重、果实横径和纵径均高于低灌水量处理,但低灌水量显著提高了加工番茄单株果数、可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C和可溶性固形物含量。加气灌溉下单株产量、单株果数和单果重分别显著提高6.14%、3.67%和2.35%(P<0.01),果实横径、纵径和可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量分别增大了1.91%、1.85%、1.17%、2.37%、2.42%和4.68%。通过综合隶属函数值评定,灌溉定额为4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2),施氮量为250 kg·hm^(-2)的加气灌溉可以满足加工番茄高产、品质优的要求。In order to study the effects of water,nitrogen and aeration on the yield and quality of processing tomato,sixteen treatments were set including two irrigation levels(4950 and 4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2)),four nitrogen levels(280,250,220,and 190 m^(3)·hm^(-2))and two aeration ratios(15%and 0%).The traits related with yield and quality were determined.And principal component analysis and membership function were adopted to evaluate yield and fruit quality of different treatments.The results showed that,with nitrogen increasing under the same irrigation level,the yield,fruit weight and the contents of vitamin C and soluble solids increased firstly and then decreased;the content of organic acids increased;but fruit weight decreased.Under the same nitrogen level,yield per plant,fruit weight,transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of fruit in treatments of high irrigation amounts were higher than those in treatments of low irrigation level;while the fruit number per plant and the contents of soluble sugar,organic acid,vitamin C and soluble solid in treatments of low irrigation amounts were higher than those in treatments of high irrigation amounts.Compared with the conventional irrigation,the yield per plant,fruit number per plant and fruit weight of the aerated irrigation treatments were increased by 6.14%,3.67%,and 2.35%,respectively;and the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter and the contents of soluble sugar,organic acid,vitamin C,soluble solid increased by 1.91%,1.85%,1.17%,2.37%,2.42%and 4.68%,respectively.Based on subordinate function value,the aerated irrigation treatment with 4050 m^(3)·hm^(-2) irrigation level and 250 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen level could has better effects on yield and good quality of processing tomato under mulched drip irrigation.

关 键 词：加工番茄 加气灌溉 产量 品质 主成分分析 隶属函数分析 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]