绿色发展背景下农业生态补偿理论内涵与定价机制  

Theoretical Connotations and Pricing Mechanisms for Agricultural Ecological Compensation Within the Context of Green Development

作　　者：周颖[1] 梅旭荣[2] 杨鹏[2] 刘静[3] ZHOU Ying;MEI XuRong;YANG Peng;LIU Jing(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第20期4358-4369,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程重点任务、中国农业绿色发展研究会项目(2020002);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132020035)。

摘　　要：【目的】绿色发展背景下的农业生态补偿机制研究已成为我国农业功能区生态环境保护的一项极为迫切的战略任务。生态补偿标准直接影响政策内部化外部效应的实际效果,重新界定农业生态补偿的理论内涵,确定补偿定价的思路及依据,是提高补贴政策准确性和指向性有效途径。【方法】综合运用规范分析及归纳和演绎法,重新定位以绿色发展为导向的农业生态补偿政策边界,系统划分农业生态补偿的类型与内容,尝试构建以外部效应测度为重点的定价机制,科学回答农业生态补偿“为什么补”及“补什么”等核心问题。【结果】一是科学解析农业绿色发展生态补偿的内涵:农业生态补偿是在对农业资源和环境保护中产生外溢效益(成本)内部化的环境经济手段,补偿核心内容包含对农业资源资产保护补偿和对于农业绿色生产行为补偿两大部分。二是重建绿色生产技术产生的外溢效益与外溢成本价值,根据技术作用于生态系统的环境影响,将补偿内容划分为4种类型:①资源开发建设补偿,针对环境正外部性减少和私人利益损失进行补偿;②资源保护利用补偿,针对生态资本保值和增殖行为进行合理回报;③环境污染治理补偿,针对降低环境负外部性的成本投入及损失给予报酬;④环境质量提升补偿,针对提升环境正外部性的投入及收益损失给予补偿。三是探明4种补偿类型的补偿标准核算依据,其中:资源开发建设补偿应以资源生产或维护的重置成本、资源资产预期收益及发展机会成本为依据;资源保护利用补偿应以资源保护者直接投入、发展机会成本及资源保护的生态服务价值为依据;环境污染治理与质量提升都属于绿色技术应用补偿,其补偿定价主要考虑额外生产成本、环境成本、发展机会成本及技术外溢效益价值等指标因素。【结论】我国以绿色发展为�【Objective】Within the context of green development,the research on mechanisms for agricultural ecological compensation has become an extremely urgent and strategic task for the protection of the ecological environment in functional agricultural areas in China.The standards for ecological compensation directly affect the actual effect of policy internalization and externality.The redefine the theoretical connotations of agricultural ecological compensation,determine the concepts and basis of compensation pricing,and are the effective way to improve the accuracy and directivity of subsidy policy.【Method】Using normative analysis as well as inductive and deductive methods,the boundary of green development oriented agricultural ecological compensation policy was re-positioned,and the types and content of agricultural ecological compensation were systematically divided,in an attempt to develop a pricing mechanism that focused on the measurement of external effects and scientifically answer the core questions of"why compensate?"and"what to compensate?"in the field of agricultural ecological compensation.【Result】Firstly,the connotations of ecological compensation for agricultural green development were scientifically analyzed:ecological compensation for agricultural green development is an environmentally friendly and economic means of producing spillover benefits(costs)internalization when protecting agricultural resources and the environment.The core content of compensation includes two parts:the protection compensation for agricultural resource assets,and the compensation for green agricultural production behavior.Secondly,According to the environmental impact of technology on the ecosystem,the compensation content can be divided into four types:(1)the compensation for resource development and construction,aiming at the reduction of positive externality in the environment and the loss of private interests;(2)the compensation for resource protection and utilization,aiming at a reasonable return for the pres

关 键 词：绿色发展 农业生态补偿 补偿定价 外溢效益 外溢成本 

分 类 号：F323.22[经济管理—产业经济]