硫化铜精矿加压浸出降酸工艺及试验分析  

Deacidification technology of copper sulfide concentrate pressure leaching and test analysis

作　　者：王恒辉 WANG Heng-hui

机构地区：[1]长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2021年第5期24-27,39,共5页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFE0123100);湖南省自然科学青年基金项目(2020JJ5628)。

摘　　要：为解决传统湿法炼铜加压浸出液酸度高、后续中和工序中和渣量大及铜损失大的技术难题,本文根据硫化铜精矿加压浸出过程中的产酸机理,设计了一种清洁环保、工业易操作的硫化铜精矿加压浸出降酸工艺,并对其进行了试验,得出以下结论:在原生产系统增加加压浸出液返回上一工序的循环环节,可减少废电解液的循环量,从源头降低加压浸出过程酸量,减少后续石灰石用量,降低中和渣带走的铜损失量;中温中压条件有利于硫化铜精矿中铜的高效浸出,也能有效控制元素硫的氧化,辅以适量的表面活性剂木质素磺酸钙,可改善硫磺包裹含铜矿物现象,提高含铜矿物中铜的浸出效率;控制合适的浸出条件,加压浸出液返回率40%~50%时,铜浸出率可达98.5%以上,浸出液终酸可降至30 g/L,中和渣中Cu含量低于1.5%。To solve the technical problems of conventional copper hydrometallurgy such as high acidity of pressure leaching solution,large amount of residue and big loss of copper in downstream neutralization operations,a deacidification technology of copper sulfide concentrate pressure leaching,which is clean,environmental friendly,and easy to operate in industry,is proposed herein based on the acid production mechanism in the process.Findings from associated tests are as follows:a circulation section of pressure leaching solution returning to the previous process can be added in the original production system to reduce the circulation amount of spent electrolyte,decreasing acid from source,subsequent limestone dosage and the loss of copper into the neutralization residue;an efficient leaching of copper from copper sulfide concentrate can be realized under medium temperature and pressure conditions,which also retard the oxidation of elemental sulfur.With appropriate dosage of surfactant,calcium lignosulphonate,the phenomenon of sulfur wrapping copper minerals can be mitigated,improving the leaching efficiency of copper;under appropriately controlled leaching conditions,when the return rate of pressure leaching solution ranges between 40%-50%,copper leaching rate can reach more than 98.5%,the final acid of leaching solution can be reduced to 30 g/L and Cu in neutralization residue can drop to less than 1.5%.

关 键 词：湿法炼铜 加压浸出 硫化铜精矿 中和渣量 铜损失 降酸工艺 铜浸出率 加压浸出液返回率 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.2