海底采矿覆岩变形破坏特征及临界开采上限的物理模拟试验研究  

PHYSICAL MODEL TEST FOR DEFORMATION FAILURE CHARACTERISTICS OF OVERLYING STRATA AND CRITICAL MINING UPPER LIMIT IN SUBMARINE MINING

作　　者：李光 王志文[1,2,3] 马凤山 赵海军[1,2] 郭捷[1,2] LI Guang;WANG Zhiwen;MA Fengshan;ZHAO Haijun;GUO Jie(Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Innovation Academy for Earth Science,CAS,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2021年第5期1469-1476,共8页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(资助号:41831293)。

摘　　要：海底赋存大量未开采的矿产资源,利用前景广阔。与陆地采矿相比,海底采矿受上覆水体威胁巨大。因此,准确掌握采空区上覆围岩变形破坏规律,设置合理的顶部预留隔水矿柱,对海下采矿工程安全、高效生产具有重要意义。本文以山东三山岛金矿新立矿区这一典型的海底矿床为研究对象,基于滨海矿山复杂的工程地质特征,采用室内地质力学模型试验的方法,重现了海下充填开采过程,阐明了动态开采条件下海底矿山采空区围岩变形破坏规律和特征。试验结果表明,三山岛新立矿区的临界开采高度为-85 m,顶部预留隔水矿柱的最小厚度为50 m。若开采超过该临界值,采空区和顶部含水层将发生贯通性破坏,其失稳模式为断层活化。研究成果可为新立矿区预留矿柱高度的选取提供理论基础,也可为相似地质条件下矿山安全开采提供参考。There are numerous mineral resources on the seafloor,and its prospect is broad.Compared with land mining,seabed mining is more threatened by overlying water bodies.In order to ensure the safe and economic operation of subsea mining projects,it is of great significance to find out the characteristics of the deformation,movement and destruction of the surrounding rocks in the mined-out area,and to determine the critical thickness of the waterproof pillars left at the top of the mining area.In this paper,the San-shan-dao Gold Mine Xinli Mining Area is selected as the research subject.A geo-mechanical experiment is carried out to reproduce the process of undersea filling mining and clarify the deformation and failure process characteristics of overlying strata.The test results show that the critical mining height of Xinli mining area is-85 m,and the critical thickness of the reserved isolation pillar at the top is 50 m.When the critical value is exceeded,the goaf and the top aquifer suffer through failure,and the instability mode is fault activation.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of reserved pillar height in Xinli mining area,and also provide a reference for the mining safety of mines under similar geological conditions.

关 键 词：滨海矿山 开采岩移 覆岩破坏特征 临界开采上限 相似模型试验 

分 类 号：TU452[建筑科学—岩土工程]