自动脱叶甘蔗新品种桂糖10-2003的选育与区域性表现  

The Breeding of a New Self-defoliating Sugarcane Variety Guitang10-2003 and Its Regional Presentation

作　　者：梁强 覃彬源 吕凤连 胡水凤 欧阳静 刘晓燕 李毅杰 宋修鹏 李长宁 王泽平 梁光凤 LIANG Qiang;QIN Binyuan;LÜFenglian;HU Shuifeng;OU Yangjing;LIU Xiaoyan;LI Yijie;SONG Xiupeng;LI Changning;WANG Zeping;LIANG Guangfeng(Sugarcane Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sugarcane Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007;Guangxi Laibin Dontang Group Co.Ltd.,Laibin,Guangxi 546100)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院甘蔗研究所/中国农业科学院甘蔗研究中心,广西南宁530007 [2]广西来宾东糖集团有限公司,广西来宾546100

出　　处：《甘蔗糖业》2021年第5期14-22,共9页Sugarcane and Canesugar

基　　金：广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(2015JZ94,桂农科2020ZX14,桂农科2021ZX01);广西农业重点科技计划项目(201419);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西甘蔗创新团队项目(GJNYTXGXCXTD-03-01)。

摘　　要：根据我国生产方式和栽培条件,培育适合主要蔗区种植的具有早熟、高产、高糖基本特性并可自动脱叶的优良甘蔗新品种,为国内蔗糖产业节本增效和可持续发展提供品种和配套技术支持。以ROC11为母本、粤糖99-66为父本进行有性杂交育种,采用“五圃制”选育程序,选育出甘蔗新品种桂糖10-2003(桂糖60号),并于2017~2019年广西甘蔗新品种区域试验中对该品种的形态特征和生产性能进行综合考察和评价(1年新植2年宿根)。试验结果表明:桂糖10-2003不仅具有植株高大,中大茎,出苗率高,分蘖早且强,生长速度快,成茎率高,自动脱叶,耐瘠耐旱,宿根能力强的性状优势,还具有较强的抗黑穗病、梢腐病能力。桂糖10-2003的平均蔗茎产量为85.9 t/hm^(2),对照种ROC22的平均蔗茎产量为77.8 t/hm^(2),比对照种增产8.1 t/hm^(2),增产幅度10.5%;从11月至翌年3月桂糖10-2003各月平均蔗糖分分别为14.8%、15.5%、15.8%、15.9%、15.9%,对照种ROC22的蔗糖分分别为13.1%、14.8%、14.9%、15.8%、15.3%,分别比对照种增加1.7、0.7、0.9、0.1、0.6个百分点;从11月至翌年3月各月平均纤维分分别为10.9%、11.1%、12.3%、11.9%、13.4%,对照种ROC22的纤维分分别为12.1%、12.4%、12.7%、12.5%、13.3%,分别与对照种相比减少1.2、1.3、0.4、0.6个百分点以及增加了0.1个百分点。桂糖10-2003的性状表现和生产性能在整个区域试验中表现突出,并且符合我国的甘蔗生产方式和栽培条件,适宜在广西、云南各大蔗区进行推广应用。According to the production methods and cultivation conditions in our country,new sugarcane varieties is cultivated for planting in major sugarcane areas with the basic characteristics of early maturity,high yield,high sugar and self-defoliating,which can provide varieties and support technical support to reduce the planting cost and improve the production efficiency of cane sugar industry in China.Using ROC11 and Yuetang99-66 as the female or male parents,respectively,the new sugarcane variety Guitang10-2003 was bred systematically through sexual hybridization and“five-nursery system”breeding procedure.Then the comprehensive evaluation of the morphological characteristics and production performance were investigated and evaluated in Guangxi sugarcane regional test by one year new-plant and two years ratoon in 2017~2019.The results showed that Guitang10-2003 not only had the advantages of high emergence rate,early and strong tillering ability,fast growth rate,high stem-forming rate,self-defoliating,drought tolerance,infertility tolerance,and good ratooning ability,but also had high resistance to smut and pokkah boeng.The average cane yield of Guitang10-2003 was 85.9 t/hm^(2),and the yield of control variety ROC22 was 77.8 t/hm^(2),which was 8.1 t/hm^(2) higher and was increase by 10.5%as compared to control.The each month sucrose content of Guitang10-2003 from November to March of next year were 14.8%,15.5%,15.8%,15.9%and 15.9%,respectively,while the ROC22 were 13.1%,14.8%,14.9%,15.8%and 15.3%,respectively,which was increased by 1.7%,0.7%,0.9%,0.1%and 0.6%as compared to the control.From November to nest year March,the fiber scores of Guitang10-2003 were 10.9%,11.1%,12.3%,11.9%and 13.4%,respectively,and the ROC22 were 12.1%,12.4%,12.7%,12.5%and 13.3%,respectively,which was decreased by 1.2%,1.3%,0.4%,0.6%and increased by 0.1%as compared with ROC22.The Guitang10-2003 showed outstanding performance in the whole regional test,and conformed to the cultivated modes or conditions of sugarcane in China.Therefore,it i

关 键 词：甘蔗 桂糖10-2003 新品种 自动脱叶 选育 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]