2019年西安市城镇鼠类侵害状况的调查  

Investigation on the rodent infestation in urban areas of Xi’an in 2019

作　　者：庞松涛[1] 李广帅[1] 雷晓岗 薛威[1] PANG Song-tao;LI Guang-shuai;LEI Xiao-gang;XUE Wei(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2021年第5期432-435,共4页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的了解西安市城镇鼠类侵害情况,为制定鼠类防治措施提供科学依据。方法西安市共11个行政区,在各城区随机抽取调查生境。采用鼠迹法进行调查,鼠类侵害情况按照国家标准进行评价。结果室内鼠密度调查共抽取10种生境3 504间房,鼠迹阳性率为2.20%,鼠密度控制水平为B级。不同生境中阳性率最高的是机场和车站,为7.00%,和农贸市场均超出了容许水平。城区中阳性率最高的是灞桥区,为4.90%。外环境共调查206家单位,路径指数为0.39处/km,控制水平为A级。外环境中单位居民区和农贸市场发现了鼠迹,各城区中发现鼠迹的是高陵区、临潼区和长安区。调查防鼠设施3 214处,合格率为97.17%,为A级;各生境中合格率最高的是建筑工地和居委会,合格率为100.00%;各城区中合格率最高的是鄠邑区,为100.00%。全市城镇鼠密度控制水平为B级。结论建议根据调查情况,制定有针对性的防治措施,加强督导检查,将鼠类侵害控制在更低的水平。Objective To get the information of rodent infestation in the urban area of Xi’an and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of the rodent prevention and control measures.Methods Units in 11 administrative districts of the city were randomly selected for the survey.The rodent trace method was used to investigate the rodent infestation, and the national standards were introduced for the evaluation of the rodent infestation.Results A total of 3 504 rooms in 10 kinds of habitat were selected for the indoor rodent’s density survey, and the positive rate was 2.20% meeting the control level B.The highest positive rate among different habitats was 7.00% taking place in airports and stations, which exceeded the allowable level as well as the farmers’ market.Baqiao District held the highest positive rate of 4.90%.A total of 206 units were surveyed in the outdoor areas, and the average route index was 0.39 sites/km meeting the control level A.For the outdoor areas, rodent traces were found both in residential areas and farmers’ markets.In urban areas, Gaoling District, Lintong District and Chang’an District were found with rodent traces.There were 3 214 rodent-proof structure or facilities inspected with the pass rate of 97.17%,meeting Grade A.The construction sites and the neighborhood committees held the highest pass rate(100.00%).The highest pass rate was 100% in Huyi District.Generally, the control level was grade B in urban areas of the city.Conclusion It is recommended to formulate targeted control measures based on the investigation results, strengthen supervision and inspection, so as to take the rodent infestation at a lower level.

关 键 词：鼠类 侵害 调查 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] R184.3[农业科学—植物保护]