图像全站仪图像测量模型及其简化计算  

Image measurement model and its simplified calculation of image-assisted total station

作　　者：章后甜 陈冰[1] ZHANG Houtian;CHEN Bing(School of Geospatial Information, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;Department of Civil Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China)

机构地区：[1]信息工程大学地理空间信息学院,河南郑州450001 [2]洛阳理工学院土木工程学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《测绘工程》2021年第6期50-55,共6页Engineering of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11673076)。

摘　　要：虽然商用图像全站仪历史并不长,但以其同轴摄像机较小的视场和望远镜放大率的优点,具有优异的角分辨率和目标图像分辨率,使其普遍应用于精确测量。图像全站仪图像测量用于测量角度,而不是三维坐标。采用球面投影的方式推导像点坐标与全站仪角度之间的严密计算公式,对目前现有的简化公式以及使用简化公式带来的角度误差进行分析。经过分析表明,简化公式计算量小,但带来的角度误差与视准轴方向竖直角以及目标像点到像主点的距离有关;在实际测量中为了减少简化公式带来的测角误差,在减小视准轴方向竖直角的同时,使目标点尽可能位于视场中央;对于精密测量,需采用严密公式。Commercial image assisted total station(IATS)is widely used in accurate measurement,as its excellent angular resolution and target image resolution due to small field view and telescope magnification rate of its coaxial camera,even though coming into use for a short history.IATS tends to measure angle rather than 3-dimension coordinates.Here spherical projection is used to derive the rigorous calculation formula between the coordinates of image points and the angle of total station,and to analyze the current simplified formula as well as its angle error.Results demonstrate that simplified formula virtually make calculation easier,but angular error brings about which is related to the vertical angle of collimation axis and the distance from the target object point to the principal point.In actual measurement,in order to reduce the angular error,while reducing the vertical angle of the collimation axis,the target point should be located in the center of the field of view as much as possible.For accurate measurement,precise calculation formula must be required.

关 键 词：图像全站仪 图像测量 球面投影 严密公式 角度误差 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]