暗褐网柄牛肝菌废菌包栽培腐生食用菌研究  

Study on Cultivation of Saprophytic Edible Fungi with Waste Edible Fungi Bag of Phlebopus portentosus

作　　者：杨天伟[1] 许欣景 何明霞[1] 高锋[1] 刘静[1] 王文兵[1] 方艺伟[1] 王云[1] 张春霞[1] YANG Tian-wei;XU Xin-jing;HE Ming-xia;GAO Feng;LIU Jing;WANG Wen-bin;FANG Yi-wei;WANG Yun;ZHANG Chun-xia(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2021年第10期40-44,48,共6页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：云南省热带作物科学研究所青年人才成长基金项目(QNCZ2020-9);国家自然科学基金项目(32060707);云南省热带作物科技创新专项资金项目(RF2021-15);云南省科技人才和平台计划项目(2019HB069)。

摘　　要：暗褐网柄牛肝菌(Phlebopus portentosus)是目前唯一能够工厂化栽培的食用牛肝菌,其对栽培基质的养分需求较高,但利用率较低,导致采收后的菌包中余留了大量的营养物质。在明确暗褐网柄牛肝菌栽培基质出菇前后营养成分变化的基础上,直接采用灭菌后废菌包栽培平菇、榆黄蘑、茶树菇3种腐生食用菌。结果显示,暗褐网柄牛肝菌菌渣栽培基质中灰分含量高于出菇前及原材料;出菇前后栽培基质的纤维素、木质素等营养成分无明显变化,表明暗褐网柄牛肝菌对富含纤维素、木质素的木屑等栽培基质利用率低。平菇、榆黄蘑和茶树菇在暗褐网柄牛肝菌废菌包中能够正常生长,产量分别为380.82 g/袋、311.68 g/袋和295.55 g/袋,生物转化率分别达到82.79%、67.76%和64.25%。表明平菇、榆黄蘑、茶树菇等腐生菌能够进一步利用暗褐网柄牛肝菌废菌包中余留的营养物质,提高原材料利用率,实现资源节约及高效利用,对食用菌产业健康绿色发展具有重要意义。Phlebopus portentosus is the only edible Boletus spp.that could be cultivated artificially in factory at present.It has a high demand for nutrients in the cultivation substrate,but the utilization ratio is low,which results in a large amount of nutrients left in the edible fungi bag after harvesting.The changes of nutritional components of P.portentosus cultivation substrate before and after fruiting were studied,the saprophytic edible fungi,such as Pleurotus ostreatus,Pleurotus citrinipileatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea,were directly cultivated with the P.portentosus sterilized waste edible fungi bag.The results showed that the ash content in the cultivation substrate after the emergence of P.portentosus was higher than that before the emergence of fruiting and the raw materials.There was no significant change in cellulose,lignin and other nutrients in the substrate before and after fruiting,indicating that P.portentosus had low utilization rate of sawdust rich in cellulose and lignin.P.ostreatus,P.portentosus and C.cylindracea can grow normally in the P.portentosus waste edible fungi bag,and the yields of fresh fruit body of the three saprophytic edible fungi were 380.82 g,311.68 g and 295.55 g per bag,respectively,the biological conversion rates are 82.79%,67.76%and 64.25%.The results showed that saprophytic edible fungi such as P.ostreatus,P.portentosus and C.cylindracea could further utilize the nutrients left in the waste edible fungi bag of P.portentosus,improve the utilization rate of raw materials and realize the saving and efficient utilization of resources.It is of great significance for the healthy and green development of edible fungi industry.

关 键 词：暗褐网柄牛肝菌 高效利用 生物转化率 废菌包 

分 类 号：S646.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]