呼吸系统健康的城市空间影响因素及规划对策  

Effects of Urban Space on Respiratory System Health and Planning Strategies

作　　者：李振兴 石羽 黄娜 石铁矛[3] LI Zhenxing;SHI Yu;HUANG Na;SHI Tiemao

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院 [2]沈阳建筑大学设计艺术学院 [3]沈阳建筑大学空间规划与设计研究院

出　　处：《西部人居环境学刊》2021年第5期40-49,共10页Journal of Human Settlements in West China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(52008267)。

摘　　要："健康中国"背景下,人民对健康的需求为城市规划的方式与方法提出了新要求,呼吸系统疾病是危害健康的主要疾病之一,其受到所属地域空间环境的多方层面影响,传统规划一方面在城市发展建设的实际过程中缺乏对呼吸健康的防控,另一方面面临着缺少相关指导理论的困境;对呼吸系统的健康防护,形成空间环境致病防控的系统方法,对建设健康城市具有重要意义。研究以呼吸系统疾病的致病特征为出发点,分析总结呼吸系统疾病致病的主要环境诱因,梳理呼吸系统疾病与气候环境、生态环境和空间环境之间的潜在关系,总结影响呼吸系统健康的空间环境要素。在此基础上,提出了由风险评估、动态监测和规划控制构成的城市规划应对呼吸系统疾病管控策略,并从生产空间、生活空间与生态空间三个方面展开论述,最终形成了"防控致病源—阻断致病途径—保护易病人群"的综合防护体系。In the context of the“Healthy China”strategy,the people’s demand for health has put forward new requirements for urban planning approaches or methods,and respiratory diseases caused by environmental changes in the past decades have posed serious risks to human health.Scholars at home and abroad have mostly studied the dispersal mechanisms and pathogenic effects of pollutants from an epidemiological and ecological perspective.The main focus of research has been on the pathogenicity and pathogenicity of various pollutants,but the results have been very different.The composition of pollutants in China is complex and the demographic characteristics are different from those of other countries.The validity of foreign research results needs to be further verified.Respiratory diseases,as an external system of the human body,are inf luenced by environmental pollution and climate.The urban spatial environment affects the health of urban dwellers by influencing the environment in which people live and their behavioral patterns.In different urban space,residents are exposed to different health risks.The three main functional spaces of urban production,living and ecology are the basic carriers of people’s material and spiritual lives.The state of utilization of the three types of space is a spatial reflection of human activities under specific conditions and technological contexts,and is the basis of urban development and one of the root causes of urban problems.The urban production space releases a large amount of toxic and harmful gases,causing serious pollution to the urban air and thus threatening the respiratory health of the residents;the urban living space includes various architectural spaces and transportation spaces.This space has a complex structure,is densely populated and has a high content of atmospheric pollutants.Its spatial environment and microclimatic conditions play an important role in the spread of pollutants,and is the main space for pathogenic exposure in cities.Urban ecological spaces provide

关 键 词：空间环境 呼吸系统疾病 致病诱因 规划对策 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]