从赛事空间到消费空间--国际冬奥雪上项目承办地空间发展趋势研究  

From Sporting Event Space to Consumer Space:Research on the Spatial Development Trend of Host Towns of the Winter Olympics

作　　者：刘钊启 吴唯佳[1,2] 赵亮[1] LIU Zhaoqi;WU Weijia;ZHAO Liang(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Development of Capital Region,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]清华大学建筑学院首都区域空间规划研究北京市重点实验室

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2021年第1期113-128,共16页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划资助项目“城市新区规划设计优化技术”(2018YFC0704600)。

摘　　要：在我国消费升级与冬奥申办成功的背景下,针对我国冰雪小镇发展存在的赛事引领路径依赖下服务功能单一与组织僵化、市场导向下的雪场—城镇无序蔓延有悖生态文明、景区模式割裂雪场—城镇组织制约服务水平提升的功能、规模及布局方面的问题,文章以冬奥会雪上项目承办地为研究对象,城镇建设用地和雪道作为空间分析要素,通过国际案例横向比较与历史梳理的方法,探究国际冰雪小镇空间发展规律。基于消费空间生产理论,研究从全球消费文化、冬奥文化、地方文化对消费空间服务功能的内容构建,空间本身及空间内附着服务关系规模的形式构建,以及影响小镇空间布局的服务导向价值构建三个方面建立分析框架,认为从赛事主导走向消费主导的发展动力转化是冰雪小镇功能、规模、布局演进的根本原因。具体而言,功能层面国际冬奥雪上项目承办地存在消费文化、地方文化重塑下的城镇—雪道职能大众化;规模层面存在空间消费、空间内消费生产下的城镇—雪道差异化增长;布局层面存在后赛事服务价值转向下的城镇—雪道蔓延化布局的发展趋势。文章以此趋势为基础提出了对我国冰雪小镇开发建设功能组织、规模、布局层面的启示与建议。In the context that China is upgrading its consumption model and has won the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics,China’s ice&snow towns face the following problems:the single service function and organizational rigidity under a heavy dependence on the sporting event-led path;the sprawl of ski resorts and towns under the market-oriented approach that is contrary to ecological progress;and the scenic model that separates the ski resort and town organization restricts improvement of the service level.To address these problems in terms of function,scale and layout of China’s ice&snow towns,this paper takes the places for sports of the Winter Olympics which are practiced on snow as research objects,urban construction land and ski road as spatial analysis elements,and explores the spatial development pattern of ice&snow towns in the world through a comparative study and summary of international cases.Based on the theory of production of consumer space,the paper establishes an analytical framework from three aspects:the service function of consumer space consisting of world consumer culture,Winter Olympic culture and local culture;the scale of the space itself and the service relations attached to the space;and the service-oriented value that affects the spatial layout of the town.It argues that the transformation of development driving force from sporting event-led to consumer-led is the fundamental reason for the evolution of the function,scale and layout of ice&snow towns.Specifically,in terms of function,the places for sports of the Winter Olympics which are practiced on snow witness the popularization of the function of the town and snow road under the reshaping of consumer culture and local culture;in terms of scale,the town and snow road see differentiated growth under the production of spatial consumption and intra-spatial consumption;and in terms of layout,the town and snow road witness a sprawling development trend under the service value shift in the post-sporting event period.Accordingly,it puts forward sug

关 键 词：冰雪小镇 空间趋势 冬奥会 消费空间 

分 类 号：TU984.113[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]