中国收缩城市的设计应对策略探索:以鹤岗工作坊为例  

Urban Design Strategies for Shrin-king Cities in China:A Case Study of Hegang Design Studio

作　　者：张恩嘉 雷链 孟祥凤 吴康[3] 吴冰[4] 蒋文[5] 吴国强 陈婷婷[6] 郎嵬 李云[7] 张远景[8] 龙瀛[9] ZHANG Enjia;LEI Lian;MENG Xiangfeng;WU Kang;WU Bing;JIANG Wen;WU Guoqiang;CHEN Tingting;LANG Wei;LI Yun;ZHANG Yuanjing;LONG Ying(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Urban Planning Society of China,Beijing 100037,China;School of Urban Economics and Public Administration,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China;School of Architecture,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150006,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;School of Architecture&Urban Planning,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Heilongjiang Urban Planning Surveying Design and Research Institute,Harbin 150036,China;School of Architecture and Hang Lung Center for Real Estate,Key Laboratory of Eco Planning&Green Building,Ministry of Education,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院 [2]中国城市规划学会 [3]首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院 [4]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院 [5]重庆大学建筑城规学院 [6]中山大学地理科学与规划学院 [7]深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院 [8]黑龙江省城市规划勘测设计研究院 [9]清华大学建筑学院和恒隆房地产研究中心、生态规划与绿色建筑教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《城市与区域规划研究》2021年第1期168-186,共19页Journal of Urban and Regional Planning

摘　　要：全球化背景下,城市收缩问题引起全世界广泛的讨论与研究。目前,国外学者对收缩城市已有较为系统的理论研究和实证探讨,而国内研究主要集中在收缩城市识别及客观认知层面,少有针对城市设计应对的探讨。2019年举办的“第一届中国收缩城市规划设计工作坊”,以资源收缩型的鹤岗市为例,探索通过城市设计手段应对城市收缩问题的可能路径,为我国收缩城市“瘦身强体”提供理论和实证基础。文章梳理并总结国外收缩城市应对的空间设计策略,整理并探讨工作坊成果,并将其与国外的实证案例进行对比分析。结果显示,国外经验中“规模缩减、空间维护与愿景构造”等方式值得借鉴。在此基础上,工作坊成果结合中国城市建设特点,提出具有鹤岗市特色的设计思想和方法。文章将其归纳为三个阶段:“瘦身”——规模缩减与“空废”处理;“恢复”——生态织补与社区营造;“强体”——特色挖掘与机遇创造。整体而言,工作坊成果在借鉴国外经验的基础上,关注我国城市特点,对国内资源收缩型城市的设计应对有参考价值。Shrinking cities,as a consequence of the globalization,have aroused great attention worldwide,which have been systematically and theoretically studied abroad.Although in China,some scholars have identified and understood the phenomenon of urban shrinkage in the context of China,there is little discussion on urban design strategies responding to shrinking cities.In 2019,the“First China Urban Planning and Design Studio for Shrinking Cities”was held in Hegang,a resource-exhausted city,aiming to explore urban design strategies to help solve problems in shrinking cities.Under such a background,this research focuses on the case study of international shrinking cities,and conducts in-depth discussions on this workshop.The result shows that some actions in international cases such as downsizing the construction,space maintenance and strategic versions can be references for China’s shrinking cities.Based on these experiences,designs in this workshop fully combine characteristics in China’s urban planning and design,and propose some strategies involved with features of Hegang.We summarize these strategies into three stages.The first stage is“losing weight”,which means reducing the scale of city and demolishing vacant land-use and empty buildings;the second one is“recovery”with the help of Ecological Restoration and Place Making;the last one is“getting stronger”by fully embracing local characteristics and making new development opportunities.In a word,designs in this workshop,combining foreign experience with characteristics of China’s cities,are good references to other resource-exhausted cities in China.

关 键 词：人口流失 精明收缩 绿色基础设施 合理精简 城市设计 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]