美国购银法案与1930年代中国经济危机关系认识误区及其辨正  

Misconceptions and Revisions of the Connection between the US Silver Purchase Act and the China’s Economic Crisis in the 1930s

作　　者：蒋清宏[1] Jiang Qinghong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2021年第1期2-14,266,共14页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国国际投资史研究”(项目号:19ZDA059)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：学界对1934年6月美国《白银购买法案》对中国经济的影响,存在明显的认识误区,即这个法案是造成中国严重通货紧缩的罪魁祸首,白银外流是外商银行的逐利行为。本文把美国购银法案放在危机过程中进行整体性考察,认为美国白银法案出台后中国通货紧缩局面并没有恶化,其原因是外流白银是外商的沉淀资本。美国购银法案出台后外商银行的巨额外流也不是通常意义上的逐利行为,而是为了及时满足外商对外汇的迫切需求。白银外流后的经济危机状况是前一时段危机过程的自然延续,与购银法案导致的白银外流关系不大。There are obvious misunderstandings about the impact of the Silver Purchase Act of 1934 on China’s economy;that is,the act was the culprit of China’s severe deflation and that the outflow of silver was the profit-seeking behavior of foreign banks.However,this article places the U.S.Silver Purchase Act as a whole in the process of the crisis and argues that the deflation situation in the 1930s’China has not deteriorated after the introduction of the US Silver Purchase Act.It was because the outflow of silver became the precipitated capital of foreign investors.In the usual sense,after introducing the US bank purchase act,the considerable outflow of foreign banks was not a profit-seeking behavior.Instead,it was to meet the urgent needs of foreign exchange in a timely manner.After the silver outflow,the economic crisis was still a natural continuation of the crisis process in the previous period and had little to do with the silver outflow caused by the Silver Purchase Act.

关 键 词：外商银行 美国购银法案 白银外流 通货紧缩 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD912.28