行欠清偿与近代中国外债的产生  

The Hong Merchants’Debts and the Emergence of Modern State Debt

作　　者：马长伟[1] Ma Changwei

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《近代史学刊》2021年第1期116-130,269,270,共17页Journal of Modern Chinese History

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“近代中国债务整理研究”(项目号:16CJL006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：行商作为清政府授权特许经营对外贸易的代表,执行朝廷以官制商、以商制夷的策略,清政府对其债务负有担保责任。行欠源于中英贸易间商业信用,鸦片战争爆发后,英国政府走向前台,以军事服务经济侵略,要求清政府偿还300万两行欠,以维护英方的权益。清政府由债务担保方变为承担方,行欠由或有债务变为直接债务。行欠表面上是行商与英国商人的商务纠纷,其背后是中英政府之间的博弈。行欠经历了商业信用向国家信用的转变、商人私债向国家债务的转变,成为近代中国政府直接负有偿还责任的外债。The Hong Merchants as the representative of the foreign trade authorized by the Qing government,they carry out the country’s foreign trade policy.The Qing government has a guarantee responsibility for its debts.The Hong Merchants’debts is the result of Sino-British trade between commercial credit.After the Opium War,the British government asked the Qing government to repay the Hong Merchants’3 million debts,in order to protect the rights and interests of Britain.The Hong Merchants’debts changed from contingent debt to direct debt,from commercial credit to national credit.It became foreign debt for which the government was directly responsible for the repayment in modern China.

关 键 词：行商 行欠 外债 中英贸易 近代中国 

分 类 号：F752.9[经济管理—国际贸易] F812.9[经济管理—产业经济]