孔子的批评类言语行为研究——基于《论语》语料统计的分析  

A Corpus-Based Study on Confucius’Critical Discourse in The Analects

作　　者：秦海燕[1] QIN Hai-yan(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Qufu Normal University,Qufu,Shandong,273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学文学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《盐城师范学院学报（人文社会科学版）》2021年第6期29-39,共11页Journal of Yancheng Teachers University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：山东省社会科学基金项目“先秦儒家的语用思想及其实践研究”(10BWXJ04)。

摘　　要：批评类言语行为最能洞见言说者的话语策略和交际理念,研究孔子的批评类言语行为对揭示孔子语用思想大有裨益。逐条摘录《论语》中孔子的批评类言语行为,建成封闭语料库,进行筛选、统计、分析。研究发现,孔子批评类言语行为的语料样态较为丰富,有针对对方观点的批驳,有针对某种现象的批评,也有因对方语言表达不准确作出的纠正。孔子的直接批评策略可以概括为否定判断、负面判断两类;间接批评策略可以概括为宣称不合作和质疑性反问两种类型。综观全部语料,单纯性批评较少,事理阐释是孔子批评类言语行为的高频策略,也是最高目标。Critical speech acts can best reveal the speaker’s communication strategies and communication concepts,therefore study on Confucius’critical discourse is of great value to expound his pragmatic ideology.The researcher extracts Confucius’every critical speech act from The Analects,thus constructs a closed corpus to ensure the reliability of research results of a statistical analysis.It is found that the corpora of Confucius’critical discourse are diversified:some are criticisms of others’opinions,some are dissatisfactions with specific social phenomena,and some are verbal attacks at some inaccurate expressions.Confucius’direct criticism strategies can be generalized as“negative judgment”and“adverse judgment”;while his indirect criticism strategies can be summarized as“declaring non-cooperation”and“challenging rhetorical questions”.It’s worth mentioning that among all critical discourses,pure criticisms are few.“Rational interpretation”is the strategy with the highest frequency of use,meanwhile,it is the ultimate goal of his critical discourse.

关 键 词：孔子 《论语》 批评类言语行为 事理阐释 语用策略 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]