中国土壤和湖泊沉积物中钚同位素分布特征和应用研究  

Distribution characteristics and application of Pu isotopes in soils and lake sediments of China

作　　者：冯冬霞 廖海清[1] 杨芳 王希欢 贾世琪 赵茜宇 张艺 柏杨巍[1] FENG Dongxia;LIAO Haiqing;YANG Fang;WANG Xihuan;JIA Shiqi;ZHAO Qianyu;ZHANG Yi;BAI Yangwei(Research Center of Comprehensive Treatment of Watershed Water Environment Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University;School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University;School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing))

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院流域水环境污染综合治理研究中心 [2]贵州师范大学,贵州省山地环境信息系统和生态环境保护重点实验室 [3]南昌大学资源环境与化工学院 [4]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2021年第6期1110-1120,共11页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41573124);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0409205)。

摘　　要：钚(Pu)是与核工业密切相关的、以痕量或超痕量存在于环境中的重要放射性核素。综述了近年来中国土壤和湖泊沉积物中^(239+240)Pu的分布特征、迁移行为及其在环境地球化学中的应用。结果显示:中国土壤和湖泊沉积物中^(239+240)Pu沉降通量分别为7.31~554.00和4.80~240.60 MBq/km^(2),因研究区域所处环境及纬度的差异而变化;^(240)Pu/^(239)Pu同位素比值分别为0.048~0.307和0.164~0.193,平均值分别为0.181±0.026和0.179±0.021;全球大气核试验沉降是中国土壤和湖泊沉积物中^(239+240)Pu的主要来源。作为重要的长寿命放射性核素,在今后的研究中应加强Pu同位素与其他放射性核素示踪技术(^(137)Cs、^(210)Pb和^(7)Be示踪法等)、遥感技术以及传统研究方法相结合,有利于提升大尺度环境区域中Pu的分析精度,提高^(239+240)Pu放射性核素示踪技术的示踪效率。Plutonium(Pu)is an important radionuclide that exists in the environment in trace or ultra-trace level,which is closely associated with the nuclear industry.The distribution characteristics,migration behavior and the application in geochemistry of^(239+240)Pu in soil and lake sediments in recent years in China were reviewed.The results showed that the sedimentation fluxes of^(239+240)Pu in soils were estimated at from 7.31 MBq/km^(2)to 554.00 MBq/km^(2);while that of^(239+240)Pu in lake sediments were from 4.80 MBq/km^(2)to 240.60 MBq/km^(2),varying with the environment and latitude in the study area.^(240)Pu/^(239)Pu isotope ratios from soils and lake sediments were found to be within 0.048-0.307 and 0.164-0.193,with an average of 0.181±0.026 and 0.179±0.021,respectively.Global atmospheric nuclear test sedimentation was the main source of^(239+240)Pu in China.As an important long-lived radionuclide,the combination of Pu isotope with other radionuclide tracing methods(e.g.137Cs,210Pb and 7Be tracing methods),remote sensing technology and traditional research methods should be strengthened in future research,which was conducive to improving the analysis accuracy of Pu in large-scale environmental areas and the tracing efficiency of^(239+240)Pu radionuclide tracing technology.

关 键 词：^(239+240)Pu通量 ^(240)Pu/^(239)Pu同位素比值 土壤 湖泊沉积物 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X524