高海拔烟区移栽时间和育苗措施对烟草生长发育及经济性状的影响  

Effects of Agricultural Measures on Growth and Development and Economic Characteristics of Flue-Cured Tobacco in Mid-high Altitude Areas

作　　者：王垚 张宸 漆夏燕 周为华 丁伟[1] 王定强 杨至锦 卢世强 杨相 黄纯杨 WANG Yao;ZHANG Chen;QI Xiayan;ZHOU Weihua;DING Wei;WANG Dingqiang;YANG Zhijin;LU Shiqiang;YANG Xiang;HUANG Chunyang(School of Plant Protection,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Tongzi Branch of Zunyi Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Tongzi Guizhou 563200,China;Zunyi City Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi Guizhou 563000,China;Jiuba Agriculture Service Center of TongziCounty of Zunyi City,Tongzi Guizhou 563200,China;Zheng’an Branch of Zunyi Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zheng’an Guizhou 563400,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学植物保护学院,重庆40715 [2]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司桐梓分公司,贵州桐梓563200 [3]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [4]贵州省遵义市桐梓县九坝镇农业服务中心,贵州桐梓563200 [5]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司正安分公司,贵州正安563400

出　　处：《植物医生》2021年第5期30-36,共7页Plant Doctor

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局绿色防控重大专项(110201601025LS-05;110201901042LS-05).

摘　　要：为明确贵州高海拔烟区烤烟适宜的农业措施,采用田间对比试验,以“云烟87”为试验材料,研究了不同移栽时间(4月10日、4月26日)、育苗方式(托盘育苗、漂浮育苗)、追肥时间(移栽后8 d、移栽后15 d)、烟苗修剪(剪叶和未剪叶)处理对烤烟生育期、根系性状、农艺性状和经济性状的影响.结果表明,移栽时间是影响烤烟生长发育的主要因素,提前移栽的烤烟地上部分鲜质量、根系鲜质量、最大根长、侧根数和根冠比显著提高了19.31%,64.71%,8.56%,71.05%和25%;株高、茎围、节距、最大叶长、最大叶宽和平均叶面积的显著提高了4.44%,4.81%,17.47%,5.13%,4.84%和9.12%,总产量、总产值、均价和上等烟比例显著提高了11.95%,7.57%,2.99%和6.97%.移栽后15 d追肥、漂浮育苗和未剪叶处理的烤烟相比于移栽后8 d追肥、托盘育苗和剪叶处理的烤烟,根系性状、农艺性状和经济学性状表现较好.总体而言,从组合的不同育苗措施中,4月10日移栽、漂盘育苗、移栽后第15 d追肥、未剪叶对烤烟的生长发育的促进作用效果最为明显,且烟叶总产量、总产值、均价和上等烟比例均最好,适宜在高海拔烟区进行应用和推广.To identify the suitable agricultural measures for flue-cured tobacco in high-altitude tobacco-growing areas in Guizhou,a field comparative experiment was made,in which the tobacco cultivarYunyan 87 was used as the test material,to study the influences of transplanting date(April 10 vs.April 26),seedling-nursing method(tray seedling vs.float-seedling),top dressing timing(8 days after transplanting vs.15 days after transplanting),and cutting leaf vs un-cutting leaf on the growth period,root characteristics and agronomic and economic characters of the plants.The results showed that transplanting time was the main factor affecting the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco.The fresh weight of the above-ground part,the fresh weight of the root system,and the largest root length,number of lateral roots and root-to-shoot ratio were significantly increased by 19.31%,64.71%,8.56%,71.05%and 25%,respectively,when the flue-cured tobacco was transplanted at an earlier date(April 10).Plant height,stem circumference,pitch,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width and average leaf area were increased significantly by 4.44%,4.81%,17.47%,5.13%,4.84%and 9.12%,and total output,total output value,average price and the proportion of first-class cigarettes significantly increased by 11.95%,7.57%,2.99%and 6.97%,respectively.Compared with the flue-cured tobacco plants of top dressing 8 days after transplanting,tray seedlings and leaf cutting treatments,the flue-cured tobacco of top dressing 15 days after transplanting,floating seedlings and uncutting leaves were better in the aspects of root characteristics and agronomic characters.In general,Treatment V(transplanted on April 10,floated seedlings,top-dressing on the 15th day after transplanting,uncut leaves)had the most obvious promotion effect on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco,and the total yield,total output value,average price and the proportions of top-grade tobacco leaves were the best and,therefore,this combination of agricultural measures is recommended for t

关 键 词：高海拔地区 农业措施 生长发育 农艺性状 经济性状 

分 类 号：S432[农业科学—植物病理学]