日本粮食自给力指标施策及对中国的启示  

Japan’s Policy on Food Self-Sufficient Capacity Index and Its Enlightenments to China

作　　者：赵解春[1] 赵立欣[1] 王一丁[1] Zhao Jiechun;Zhao Lixin;Wang Yiding(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,CAAS,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业展望》2021年第8期20-28,共9页Agricultural Outlook

基　　金：中日农业国际合作交流项目(12200024)。

摘　　要：党的十八大以来,政府高度重视发展粮食生产、保障粮食安全,提出了新的粮食安全观。虽然中国的粮食自给率远超过日本,但影响中国粮食安全的潜在风险依然存在。面对后疫情时代粮食安全面临的新挑战,从长远出发,促进粮食生产,面对即将到来的人口老龄化及农村劳动力不足等问题,保障粮食安全愈发重要。中国农村城镇化进程快速推进,以及农村欠发达的现状和农业人口老龄化问题的到来,必然会加剧农业劳动力的断层,成为抑制中国农业经济发展、危及粮食安全的瓶颈。中国与日本的农业劳动力老龄化成因特征、发展态势以及对社会经济发展的影响等相似,日本保障粮食安全的策略性选择及其应对农业人口老龄化的政策实践,可以为中国提供重要的启示与借鉴。Since the 18 th National Congress of the CPC,Chinese government has attached great importance to developing food production and ensuring food security,and put forward a new concept of food security.China’s food self-sufficiency rate is much higher than that of Japan,yet the potential risks affecting China’s food security still exist.Ensuring food security is an eternal issue,facing new food security challenges in the post-epidemic era,it is particularly important to take a long-term perspective,to promote food production,and to carry out in-depth research on the upcoming problems such as population aging and rural labor shortage.With the rapid progress of rural urbanization,the status quo of underdeveloped rural areas and the arrival of aging problem of agricultural population will inevitably aggravate the fault of agricultural labor force,and become the bottleneck that restrains agricultural economy development and endangers food security.China and Japan’s agricultural labor force aging have similarities on their causes,characteristics,development trends,and impacts on social and economic development,therefore Japan’s strategic choice to ensure food security and policy practice to deal with agricultural population aging have important enlightenments and reference significance for China.

关 键 词：劳动力不足 人口老龄化 粮食安全保障 潜在生产力 日本政策措施 

分 类 号：F316.11[经济管理—产业经济]