基于野外控制试验的不同持续时间干旱对喀斯特溶蚀的影响研究  

Quantifying the effect of drought with different durations on karst dissolution based on field control test

作　　者：李开忠 徐中春 吕小溪 董颖苹 王恒松 LI Kaizhong;XU Zhongchun;LV Xiaoxi;DONG Yingping;WANG Hengsong(School of Karst Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control,Guiyang 550001,China;School of Public Administration,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵阳550001 [2]国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心,贵阳550001 [3]贵州大学公共管理学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2021年第10期1704-1715,共12页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41561047,41561064);贵州师范大学博士青年基金项目(2012);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(18YJC630216);贵州省科技厅社发攻关项目(黔科合[2016]支撑2841);贵州大学引进人才项目([2015]013)。

摘　　要：溶蚀作用是喀斯特地区最根本的作用过程之一,与水密切相关,极易受到干旱的影响。过去研究表明,干旱对喀斯特溶蚀有重要的影响,但具体影响有多大尚不清楚。论文采用标准溶蚀试片法并通过野外控制试验的方式,定量地给出了12种不同持续时间干旱对黔中地区林地、灌草地和耕地及其地下不同土层深度喀斯特溶蚀的影响,并初步分析了其影响过程机理。研究表明:①不同持续时间干旱对林地、灌草地和耕地喀斯特溶蚀的影响程度分别达到30.61%~83.33%、38.45%~88.82%和66.76%~95.14%,均随干旱持续时间的增加而呈明显的上升趋势;②干旱对不同土层喀斯特溶蚀的影响不一致,较短持续时间干旱对林地、灌草地和耕地中下层喀斯特溶蚀的影响较大,而长持续时间干旱则对表层喀斯特溶蚀的影响较大;③土壤水分是干旱影响喀斯特溶蚀的关键要素,土壤pH随土壤水分变化而变化,而土壤有机质对喀斯特溶蚀的干旱影响则有一定的减缓作用。Karst dissolution is one of the most fundamental processes in the karst area, which is closely related to water and extremely prone to the impact of drought. Previous studies have shown that drought has a significant impact on karst dissolution. However, the magnitude of drought impact is unclear, especially the karst dissolution loss caused by different intensities of drought. The present study used a field control test to quantify the effects of 12 different drought durations on karst dissolution for the forest, shrub grassland, and cropland in central Guizhou Province using the standard carbonate tablets method. We also analyzed the drought influence mechanism of karst dissolution. The results show that drought has caused enormous karst dissolution loss and the loss percentage ranges from 30.61% to 83.33% for the forest area, 38.45% to 88.82% for shrub grassland,and 66.76% to 95.14% for cropland, respectively. According to the loss data of different soil layers, the deeper soil layers have higher karst dissolution loss under the impact of shorter duration drought, while the surface soil layers have lower karst dissolution loss. However, under the influence of more prolonged drought, the karst dissolution loss of surface soil layers is higher than the deeper soil layers. The mechanism of influence of drought indicates that soil moisture was the leading cause of karst dissolution loss, which plays a crucial role in karst dissolution loss caused by drought.

关 键 词：干旱 不同持续时间 喀斯特溶蚀 损失 野外控制试验 标准溶蚀试片 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]