油菜胚根伸长期耐渍性鉴定及不同耐性品种质膜透性对渍水的反应  

Identification of waterlogging tolerance of Brassica napus at radicle elongation and the plasma membrane permeability of cultivars with different tolerances in response to waterlogging

作　　者：聂立璇 姚璇 汪吴凯 贺江江 李亦骁 杨特武[1] NIE Lixuan;YAO Xuan;WANG Wukai;HE Jiangjiang;LI Yixiao;YANG Tewu(Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,农村农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2021年第10期1946-1954,共9页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2017YFD0301400)。

摘　　要：长江流域冬油菜播种期常发生田间渍水,严重影响种子出苗成苗甚至造成出苗失败。深入研究种子萌发出苗期对渍水的反应并建立可靠的耐渍性鉴定方法,对于油菜耐渍品种选育和抗渍栽培具有重要意义。本研究在前期探明胚根伸长期是油菜种子萌发出苗对渍水最敏感的阶段的基础上,以23个在长江流域种植的冬油菜品种为材料,采用3种方法对胚根伸长期耐渍性进行鉴定,根据种子出苗情况评价其耐渍性。在此基础上,比较了耐渍性不同品种出苗对渍水时间的反应,以及浸种液氧化还原电位、溶解氧含量、钾钠离子浓度、种子电解质渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化。结果表明:不同品种耐渍性存在显著差异,依据渍水后种子相对出苗率和相对出苗指数可将不同品种分为耐渍、中等耐渍和渍水敏感3类。耐渍品种渍水伤害的时间阈值为浸水36 h、中等耐渍品种为浸水32 h、渍水敏感品种则为浸水12 h。耐渍品种消耗溶解氧较少,推测其可能采取"沉寂"策略适应渍水胁迫。耐渍品种浸种液Na+和K+相对浓度以及种子MDA相对含量较低,说明其在渍水胁迫下具有较强的质膜稳定性。通过比较不同方法鉴定结果,确定在室内对胚根伸长期种子进行浸水处理36 h,依据种子相对出苗率评价不同品种的耐渍性,可获得可靠的鉴定结果。Yangtze River Basin is prone to waterlogging during the sowing period of winter rapeseed, which often seriously affects the seedling emergence and establishment and even causes failure of emergence in the field. It is of great significance to study the response of seed germination and emergence to waterlogging and establish a reliable identification method of waterlogging tolerance for the rapeseed breeding and cultivation to combat waterlogging. Based on the previous finding that the radicle elongation was most sensitive to waterlogging during the seed germination and emergence of rapeseed, 3 methods were adopted to evaluate the tolerance of 23 cultivars to waterlogging that are planted in the Yangtze River Basin at the radicle elongation, using the seedling emergence as evaluation criterion, in this study. Meanwhile, the responses of seedling emergence to waterlogging duration were compared among cultivars with different tolerances. The changes in redox potential, dissolved oxygen content, Na+ and K+ concentrations in the seed soaking solutions, and the electrolyte leakage rate and malonaldehyde(MDA) content in waterlogged seeds of different cultivars during various waterlogging duration were also determined. The results showed that there was significant variance in waterlogging tolerance of different cultivars. The cultivars were classified into tolerant, moderately tolerant and sensitive types based on their relative emergence rate and relative emergence index after waterlogging. The injury threshold of waterlogging duration for the tolerant cultivar was inundating seed for 36 h, while that for the moderately tolerant and sensitive cultivars was 32 h and 12 h, respectively. Tolerant cultivar consumed less dissolved oxygen than sensitive cultivar during waterlogging, suggesting that the tolerant cultivars might be adapted to waterlogging stress by "quiescence" strategy. Moreover, the relative concentrations of Na+ and K+ in seed soaking solution and the relative content of MDA in the waterlogged seed of the to

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 渍水 鉴定方法 生理响应 种子出苗 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]