不同改良措施对设施蔬菜土壤肥力和番茄品质的影响  

Effects of different improvement measures on soil fertility and the tomato quality of facilities vegetables

作　　者：范拴喜[1,2] 崔佳茜 李丹 付林涛 赫晓云 闻杰 Fan Shuanxi;Cui Jiaxi;Li Dan;Fu Lintao;He Xiaoyun;Wen Jie(College of Geography and Environment Engineering,Baoji University of Arts and Sciences,Baoji 721013,China;Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulation,Baoji 721013,China;Feng County Branch of Baoji Ecological Environment Bureau,Baoji 721700,China;Baoji Environmental Protection Publicity and Education Information Center,Baoji 721004,China;Shaanxi Qinxi Agriculture and Forestry Development Co.,Ltd.,Baoji 721600,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡文理学院地理与环境学院,宝鸡721013 [2]陕西省灾害监测与机理模拟重点实验室,宝鸡721013 [3]宝鸡市生态环境局凤县分局,宝鸡721700 [4]宝鸡市环保宣教信息中心,宝鸡721004 [5]陕西秦西农林开发有限责任公司,宝鸡721600

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第16期58-64,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：陕西省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2020SF-438);宝鸡文理学院博士启动资金资助;宝鸡文理学院重点项目(YJSCX20ZD04)。

摘　　要：为探明不同改良措施对设施蔬菜土壤及番茄果实品质的影响,该研究以陕西省太白县秦西蔬菜种植示范园大棚为研究试点,选取草木灰、生物炭、EM菌(Effective Microorganisms)3种改良剂,设置了EM菌(E)、生物炭(S)、生物炭+EM菌(SE)、草木灰(C)、草木灰+生物炭(CS)、草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)和不施加任何改良剂的空白对照(CK)7个处理。结果表明:各处理均能改善土壤理化性质,其中草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理在提高土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效磷、全钾及速效钾含量方面效果最显著,与CK处理相比,分别提高了23.06%、130.94%、44.34%、52.78%、67.72%、126.71%、16.24%、119.48%;与CK处理相比,各种配施改良剂处理的植株全氮含量显著高于单施改良剂处理,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理最显著,提高了25.17%;各处理的植株全磷含量较CK处理均显著增加,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最明显,且草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理是CK处理的2.09倍;除EM菌(E)处理外,其他5个处理均能显著提高植株全钾含量,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最显著,且草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理是CK处理的1.44倍;但6个处理均对植株灰分无显著影响;与CK处理相比,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理的糖酸比最高,达69.23%;与CK处理相比,各处理的土壤综合肥力指数均显著提高,而草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理效果最显著;通过对各处理的综合得分均值进行比较,草木灰+生物炭+EM菌(CSE)处理得分最高。综合分析得出,施加草木灰+生物炭+EM菌能有效改善太白县高山设施蔬菜种植土壤的酸化、肥力等,提高西红柿的品质。This study aims to explore the effect of amelioration measures on the facility agriculture soil,as well as the physical and chemical properties of tomatoes grown through facility agriculture.The most suitable amelioration was then screened for the local degraded soils.The study site was also chosen as the greenhouse of Qinxi vegetable planting demonstration garden,Taibai County,Shaanxi Province,China.The soil samples were collected from the greenhouse,where tomato fruits were used as research materials.Three soil ameliorants were selected,including plant ash,biochar,and EM fungi.Seven treatments were then combined,including EM fungi(E),biochar(S),biochar+EM fungi(SE),plant ash(C),plant ash+biochar,plant ash+biochar+EM fungi(CSE),and the control treatment(CK).The results indicated that the seven treatments improved the physical and chemical properties of soil,where the CSE treatment performed the most,compared with the CK.Specifically,the CSE treatment significantly increased the soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali nitrogen,total phosphorous,available phosphorous,total potassium,and available potassium by 23.06%,130.94%,44.34%,52.78%,67.72%,127.35%,16.24%,and 119.48%,respectively.In tomato fruits,the combined application of ameliorants was much more significant than the singular in increasing the total nitrogen of the whole plant,where the CSE treatment increased the most by 25.16%,compared with CK.A similar effect was also observed in the total phosphorous of the tomato plant,where the CSE treatment presented 2.09 folds higher than that of CK.In the total potassium of the tomato plant,the rest five ameliorant treatments except for E treatment significantly increased the total potassium,where the CSE treatment presented 1.44 folds higher than that of CK.Additionally,there was only a little effect of ameliorant application on plant ash.However,the sugar/acid ratio of tomato increased significantly,where the CSE treatment increased by 69.3%,compared with the CK.Correspondingly,there was a positive effect of

关 键 词：设施 农业 土壤 改良 太白县 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学]