综合干旱指数构建及其在不同草原类型中的应用  

Construction and application of comprehensive drought index in different steppe types

作　　者：赵水霞 王文君 吴英杰[1,2] 李玮[1,2] 全强[1,2] Zhao Shuixia;Wang Wenjun;Wu Yingjie;Li Wei;Quan Qiang(Yinshanbeilu National Field Research Station of Desert Steppe Eco-hydrological System,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓荒漠草原生态水文野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2021年第16期99-107,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技计划重大专项及科技计划项目(2020ZD0020,2021GG0050);中国水科院“五大人才”创新团队项目和基本科研专项(MK0145B022021,MK2020J12)。

摘　　要：干旱指数是评估旱情等级、制定防旱减灾对策的重要指标。该研究从干旱发生的物理机制出发,基于CRITIC(Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation)客观赋权法,综合考虑气象标准化降水蒸散指数(Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)、植被供水指数(Vegetation Supply Water Index,VSWI)和日光诱导叶绿素荧光指数(Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence,SIF)在干旱发展过程中的作用机制,构建融合多源信息的综合干旱指数,探究其在不同草原类型干旱中的适用性和敏感性,进而分析干旱的时空分布及演化特征。结果表明:综合干旱指数既能敏锐捕捉气象干旱的早期开始,亦能从水文和牧业干旱角度综合反映旱情的持续过程和时间,相比单一干旱指数,具有综合表征多尺度干旱演化特征的优势;2007—2018年,内蒙古锡林郭勒草原干旱频率呈波动中下降趋势,干旱强度主要以轻中旱为主,重旱及以上干旱集中在春秋两季;空间分布上从西北向东南逐渐降低,呈现荒漠草原>典型草原>草甸草原,典型草原中北部旱情严重的特征。该研究对蒙古高原不同草原类型干旱事件精准监测及旱灾防御具有重要意义。The drought index is important to the drought grade evaluation,drought prevention,and mitigation measures formulating.Based on the physical mechanism of drought,the objective weighting method of Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation(CRITIC)was used to construct a comprehensive drought index with multi-source information.The mechanism of Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI),Vegetation Supply Water Index(VSWI),and Solar-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence index(SIF)were comprehensively considered in the drought development process.The vegetation types,coverage,and their sensitivity to precipitation and temperature of different steppes were also been considered in the comprehensive drought index construction.Taking Xinlingol steppe in Inner Mongolia as an example,the applicability and sensitivity of comprehensive drought index in different steppe types were explored compared with the precipitation anomaly percentage index of meteorological drought and the Relative Soil Moisture Index(RSM)of agricultural drought.The temporal and spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of drought were further analyzed in desert,typical and meadow steppes during 2007—2018.The results showed that:1)The comprehensive drought index can not only sensitively capture the early stage of drought but also comprehensively reflect the duration and time of drought from the perspective of hydrology and pastoral area drought.The comprehensive drought index makes up for the limitation of drought information revealed by a single drought index to a certain extent,which can effectively identify the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought,and improve the pertinence and accuracy of drought monitoring.2)The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of drought in Xinlingol steppe evaluated by the comprehensive drought index were more consistent with the actual drought condition compared with precipitation anomaly percentage index and RSM,and the correlation between 0-20 cm RSM and

关 键 词：干旱 降水 综合干旱指数 叶绿素荧光指数 适用性 锡林郭勒草原 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]